Yin simintin gyare-gyare ɗayan hanyoyin farko ne na -an adam da aka sani. Gabaɗaya yana nufin zub da narkakken ƙarfe a cikin wani abu mai ƙyama tare da ramin siffar da za a yi, da barin shi ya ƙarfafa. Yaushe
ifiedarfafawa, ana fitar da abin ƙarfe da ake buƙata daga maƙerin da ya ƙi ko dai ta hanyar fasa ƙirar ko kuma raba shi. Abinda aka karfafa shine ake kira simintin gyare-gyare. Wannan tsari ana kiransa kafa
1. Tarihin Fitar Jiki
Wataƙila an gano tsarin yin simintin gyare-gyare a kusan c 3500 BC a cikin Mesopotamia. A sassa da yawa na duniya a lokacin, ana yin amfani da gatari na jan ƙarfe da sauran abubuwa masu faɗi a cikin moldi wanda aka yi da dutse ko kuma gasawa
yumbu. Waɗannan ƙirar suna da mahimmanci a yanki ɗaya. Amma a lokuta na gaba, lokacin da ake buƙatar yin abubuwa zagaye, irin waɗannan siffofin sun kasu kashi biyu ko fiye don sauƙaƙe janyewar abubuwan zagaye
Zamanin Tagulla (c 2000 BC) ya kawo tsaftacewa sosai cikin aikin jefa 'yan wasa. A karo na farko watakila, an ƙirƙiri ginshiƙi don yin aljihunan cikin abubuwa. Wadannan ginshiƙan an yi su ne da yumɓun yumɓu.
Hakanan, anyi amfani da cire perdue ko aikin kakin da aka ɓata don yin kayan ado da aiki mai kyau.
Fasahar simintin gyare-gyare an inganta ta sosai daga Sinawa daga kusan 1500 BC. Kafin wannan, babu wata shaidar aikin simintin da aka samu a cikin Sin. Ba su bayyana sun kasance manyan mutane ba
famillar tare da cire cire perdue ba kuma yayi amfani dashi sosai amma maimakon haka ya ƙware a cikin molds na abubuwa da yawa don yin aiki mai wuyan gaske. Sun dau lokaci mai yawa wajen kammala kayan kwalliyar zuwa dakika karshe don haka da wuya
duk wani aikin gamawa ana buƙata a kan simintin gyare-gyaren da aka yi daga sifofin. Wataƙila sun yi kayan kwalliyar da ke ɗauke da kayan ɗari-ɗari, lamba talatin ko fiye. A hakikanin gaskiya, yawancin irin wadannan siffofin an gano su
yayin aikin binciken kayayyakin tarihi a sassa daban daban na kasar Sin.
Indus Valley wayewa kuma sanannen sanannen amfani da jifa na tagulla da tagulla don kayan ado, makamai, kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Amma ba a sami ci gaba sosai a cikin fasaha ba. Daga vari
abubuwa na al'aura da siffofi waɗanda aka tono daga wuraren shafukan na Indus Valley, suna da alama sun saba da duk sanannun hanyoyin yin simintin gyare-gyare kamar su buɗe buhunan burodi, moldan burodi da tsarin cire perdue
Kodayake ana iya yaba wa Indiya da ƙirƙirar ƙarfe, amma ba a sami yawancin ƙarfe a Indiya ba. Akwai hujja cewa kafa ƙarfe ya fara ne tun kusan shekara ta 1000 BC a cikin Siriya da Farisa. Ya bayyana
cewa ana amfani da fasahar yin baƙin ƙarfe a Indiya daga lokacin mamayewar Alexander the Great, kusan 300 BC.
Shahararren ginshiƙin ƙarfe wanda yake kusa da yanzu Qutb minar a Delhi misali ne na ƙwarewar ƙarfe na tsoffin Indiyawa. Tsawonsa ya kai mita 7.2 kuma an yi shi da tsabtaccen baƙin ƙarfe. Wannan ana ɗauka cewa na
lokacin Chandragupta II (375-413 AD) na daular Gupta. Adadin tsatsar wannan ginshiƙin, wanda yake tsaye a waje a sararin sama kusan sifili ne, kuma hatta ɓangaren da aka binne yana yin tsatsa a wani yanayi mai saurin tafiya. Wannan
Dole ne ya zama an fara jefa shi sannan kuma a buga shi zuwa sifa ta ƙarshe.
2. Fa'idodi da iyakancewa
Gyare-gyare tsari ne bazu amfani a masana'antu saboda da yawa ab advantagesbuwan amfãni. Narkakken abu yana gudana zuwa kowane karamin sashi a cikin ramin buzu kuma saboda haka, kowane fasali mai rikitarwa –na ciki
ko na waje - ana iya yin su tare da aikin simintin gyare-gyare. Zai yiwu a jefa kusan kowane abu ya zama mai ƙarfi ne ko mara ƙarfi. Bugu da ari, kayan aikin da ake buƙata don simintin gyaran kafa suna da sauƙi kuma
m. Sakamakon haka, don samar da gwaji ko samar da ƙananan ƙananan, hanya ce mai kyau. Zai yiwu a aikin jefawa, don sanya adadin kayan a inda ake buƙata daidai. Saboda
rage nauyi a cikin zane za a iya cimma. Jima'i ana sanyaya gabaɗaya gaba ɗaya daga kowane gefe sabili da haka ana tsammanin ba su da kaddarorin shugabanci. Akwai wasu karafa da rabawa
wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare kuma ba ta wani tsari kamar ƙirƙira ba saboda ƙirar ƙarfe. Fitar kowane irin nauyi da nauyi, har ma ana iya yin tan 200.
Koyaya, daidaiton girma da ƙarewar da aka samu ta hanyar aikin yasar yashi na yau da kullun ba zai wadatar da aikace-aikacen ƙarshe a lokuta da yawa ba. Don yin la'akari da waɗannan shari'un cikin la'akari, wasu abubuwa na musamman
matakai kamar lalata abubuwa an haɓaka su, waɗanda aka ba da cikakken bayanin su a babi na gaba. Hakanan, aikin yin yashi yana da ƙarfin aiki har zuwa wani lokaci kuma saboda haka ana inganta shi da yawa,
kamar gyaran injin da kuma ƙera injiniyoyi. Tare da wasu kayan aiki yana da wuya sau da yawa a cire lahani da ke tasowa daga danshi da ke cikin simintin yashi
3. Sharuddan Fitar
A cikin surori masu zuwa za a ga ɓarnatar da simintin gyaran yashi, wanda ke wakiltar tsarin aikin simintin gyare-gyare. Kafin shiga bayanai dalla-dalla kan aikin, bayyana ma'anar kalmomin amfani da yawa zai kasance
dace.
Flask - Kayan kwalba shine wanda yake riƙe ƙurar yashi ba cikakke. Dogaro da matsayin kwalbar a cikin sifar ƙirar, an ambace shi da sunaye daban-daban kamar ja, jurewa da kunci. Itace da itace
don aikace-aikace na ɗan lokaci ko mafi yawan ƙarfe don amfani na dogon lokaci.
Ja - flaananan kwalban gyare-gyaren
Pewarewa - flawanƙolin kwalba na sama
Anƙara - Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar kwalban da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin abubuwa guda uku.
Juna - Jigo kwatankwacin abu na ƙarshe da za'a yi tare da wasu gyare-gyare. Ana yin ramin buɗaɗa tare da taimakon ƙirar.
Layin raba - Wannan layin ne na raba tsakanin filastik ɗin da ke yin ƙwanƙolin yashi. A tsaga abin rarrabuwa kuma layin ne ya raba tsakanin sassan biyu na tsarin
Boardasan ƙasa - Wannan kwamiti ne da aka saba da katako, wanda ake amfani da shi a farkon yin narkar da ƙirar. Da farko an ajiye abin kwaikwayon akan allon kasa, an yafa masa yashi sannan sai ayi ragowar a cikin jan
Fuskantar yashi - amountananan abubuwan da aka yayyafa akan ƙasa wanda aka yayyafa shi a ciki daga cikin ramin gyarar don ba da kyakkyawan ƙwanƙolin farfajiyar 'yan wasan
Molding sand - Shine sabon tsabtaccen kayan da aka yi amfani dashi don yin ramin ƙyallen. Cakuda ne na yumɓu na yumɓu da danshi daidai gwargwado don samun sakamakon da ake buƙata kuma yana kewaye da shi
abin kwaikwaya yayin yin ƙirar.
Baya yashi - Shine abin da ya zama mafi yawancin kayan ƙarancin abu da aka samo a cikin sifar. Wannan ya kunshi amfani da ƙurar yashi.
Mahimmi - Ana amfani da shi don yin ramuka masu rami a cikin simintin gyare-gyare.
Zuban ruwa - Aaramin rami mai siffar mazurai a saman abin da aka zuba narkakken ƙarfen.
Spure - Wurin da narkakken karfe daga kwandon shara yake zuwa ramin sifar. A cikin lamura da yawa yana sarrafa kwararar karfe zuwa cikin sifar.
Mai gudu - Hanyoyin da zasu bi ta cikin jirgi mai raba hanya wanda ake sarrafa narkakken karfe kafin su isa ramin da ya kera su.
Ofar - Ainihin hanyar shigarwa ta inda narkakken ƙarfe yake shiga ramin mould.
Chaplet - Ana amfani da Chaplets don tallafawa tsakiya a cikin ramin ƙirar don kula da nauyinta da shawo kan ƙarfin ƙarfe.
Chill - Chills abubuwa ne na ƙarfe, waɗanda aka sanya a cikin sifa don ƙara ƙimar sanyaya da simintin gyare-gyare don samar da daidaito ko yanayin sanyaya da ake so.
Riser - Ruwa ne na narkakken ƙarfe wanda aka bayar a cikin simintin don ƙarfe mai zafi zai iya komawa cikin ramin ƙirar lokacin da aka sami raguwar ƙarar ƙarfe saboda ƙarfi
4. Sand Mould Yin Hanya
An bayyana yadda ake yin ƙirar yashi na al'ada a cikin matakai masu zuwa
Na farko, ana sanya allon ƙasa ko dai a kan dandalin gyare-gyare ko a ƙasa, yana yin saman har ma. An ajiye kwalban gyaran murfin juye a jikin jirgi tare da jan ɓangaren
zane a tsakiyar kwalbar a allon. Yakamata a sami isasshen yarda tsakanin tsarin da bangon flask wanda yakamata ya kasance na 50 zuwa 100 mm. An yayyafa yashi mai bushewa
allon da samfurin don samar da takaddun mara nauyi. Sabon yashi wanda aka shirya mai inganci mai inganci yanzu an zuba shi a cikin jan kuma akan tsarin zuwa kaurin 30 zuwa 50 mm. Sauran rowan kwalba shine
gaba daya an cika shi da yashi mai kwalliya kuma an daidaita shi sosai don daidaita yashi. Yakamata ragin yashi yakamata ayi yadda yakamata don kar a takura shi da ƙarfi, wanda ke sa tserewar iskar gas da wahala,
kuma ba sako-sako ba ne, don kada mitar su sami isasshen ƙarfi. Bayan an gama ramming, yashin da ya wuce ƙwanƙwasa cikin flask ɗin gaba ɗaya ana goge shi ta amfani da madaidaiciyar sandar zuwa matakin gefunan ƙwalwar.
Yanzu, tare da wajan iska, wanda shine waya daga 1 zuwa 2-mm diamita tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen, ana yin ramuka na rami a cikin jan zuwa cikakken zurfin flask da kuma tsarin don sauƙaƙe cire gas yayin jefawa
solidification. Wannan ya kammala shiri na ja.
Rolledarshen jan flask ɗin yanzu an mirgine shi zuwa allon ƙasa don fallasa samfurin kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton. Ta yin amfani da ƙwanƙwasa, an gyara gefunan yashi a kewayen zanen kuma an jure rabin zanen
tsarin ja, mai daidaita shi tare da taimakon ƙusoshin dowel. Kwalba mai jimrewa a saman ja tana tsaye don sake daidaitawa tare da taimakon fil. Sanannen yashi rabewar yayyafa an yayyafa shi a ko'ina cikin jan hoton da kan samfurin
Fil ɗin sprue don yin jujjuyawar sprue yana a ɗan ƙaramin tazara kusan 50 mm daga yanayin. Hakanan, maɓallin ariser idan an buƙata an ajiye shi a wuri mai dacewa da yashi mai sabbinn kwalliya kama da wannan
na jan hankali tare da yashi mai goyan baya an yafa. Yashin ya cika sosai, yagaggen yashi kuma an sanya ramuka masu rami ko'ina a cikin jurewa kamar yadda ake janwa.
An cire faffadan sprue da e riser pin a hankali daga flask din. Daga baya, an yanke kwandon da yake zubawa kusa da saman sprue. Rarraba ya rabu da ja da kowane yashi mara nauyi akan juriya da jan layi
na ja an busa kashe tare da taimakon bellows. Yanzu, jurewa da jan tsarin halves an janye su ta hanyar amfani da zane-zanen zanawa da kuma nuna abin a kusa don dan kara girman ramin gira domin
Ba a lalata ganuwar moɗa ta tsarin janyewa. Ana yanke masu gudu da ƙofofi a cikin sikila a hankali ba tare da ɓata abin da ke jikin ba. Duk wani wuce haddi ko sako-sako da yashi da aka samo a cikin masu gudu da kuma rami mai ƙyalli ana busa shi
tafi ta amfani da bellows. Yanzu, ana amfani da yashi mai fuska a cikin hanyar liƙa a ko'ina cikin ramin juzu'i da masu gudu, wanda zai ba da ƙararren ƙwallon ƙare mai kyau.
An shirya busassun yashi ta amfani da babban akwati. Bayan yin burodi da ya dace, ana sanya shi a cikin ramin mould kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto. An maye gurbin juriya akan jan hankali yana kula da daidaitawar biyun ta hanyar
fil. Ana ajiye nauyin da ya dace akan juriya don kulawa da ƙarfin ƙarfe na sama yayin zuban narkakken ƙarfe. Mould yanzu, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto a shirye yake don zubowa.
Post lokaci: Dec-25-2020