Akwai matakai iri-iri na masana'antu don samar da aal'ada karfe part. Kowannensu yana da nasa fa'ida da rashin amfani. Wasu muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi zaɓin tsari sun haɗa da:
- Yawan kayan da ake buƙata
- Zane na karfe sashi
- Haƙuri da ake buƙata
- Ƙarfe ƙayyadaddun bayanai
- Ana buƙatar gama saman ƙasa
- Farashin kayan aiki
- Tattalin Arziki na machining tare da farashin tsari
- Bukatun bayarwa
Yin wasan kwaikwayo
Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare ya ƙunshi zubo ko allura narkakkar ƙarfe a cikin wani ƙura mai ɗauke da rami mai siffar da ake so.simintin gyare-gyare. Ana iya rarraba hanyoyin simintin ƙarfe ta hanyar nau'in ƙira ko ta matsa lamba da ake amfani da su don cika ƙirar da ƙarfe mai ruwa. Idan ta nau'in gyaggyarawa, tsarin simintin za a iya rarraba shi zuwa simintin yashi, simintin saka hannun jari da jefar baƙin ƙarfe; yayin da idan ta matsa lamba da aka yi amfani da ita don cika ƙirar, za a iya raba tsarin simintin zuwa simintin nauyi, ƙananan simintin simintin gyare-gyare da babban simintin simintin.
Tushen Simintin gyare-gyare
Simintin gyare-gyare tsari ne mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, ana iya daidaita ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar tsarin hatsi, sauye-sauyen lokaci da hazo. Duk da haka, lahani irin su shrinkage porosity, fasa da rarrabuwa suma suna da alaƙa da ƙarfi. Wadannan lahani na iya haifar da ƙananan kayan aikin injiniya. Ana buƙatar magani mai zafi na gaba don rage saura damuwa da haɓaka kaddarorin inji.
Fa'idodin Casting:
- Manyan samfuran simintin ƙarfe masu rikitarwa suna da sauƙi.
- High samar kudi, musamman ta atomatik gyare-gyare line.
- Ana samun sassaucin ƙira kuma mafi dacewa.
- Karfe daban-daban akwai: ƙarfe mai launin toka, baƙin ƙarfe ductile, carbon karfe, gami karfe,bakin karfe, aluminum gami, tagulla, tagulla da tutiya gami.
Lalacewar Casting:
- Rashin lahani a cikin simintin gyare-gyare
- Raunin porosity
- Hasashen ƙarfe
- Fashewa, zafi mai zafi, sanyi yana rufewa
- Laps, oxides
- Misruns, rashin isasshen girma
- Haɗawa
- Yana buƙatar kulawar tsari da dubawa (porosity na iya faruwa)
Ƙirƙira
Ƙirƙira wani tsari ne na masana'antu inda ƙarfe ke siffata ta hanyar nakasar filastik ƙarƙashin babban matsin lamba zuwa sassa masu ƙarfi. A cewar idan an yi amfani da ƙirar ƙirƙira, ana shigar da tsarin ƙirƙira a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙirƙirar mutuwa da kuma rufe mutuƙar ƙirƙira. Amma idan ta yanayin zafin ƙarfen da aka yi da ƙarfe kafin ƙirƙira, za a iya raba tsarin ƙirƙira zuwa ƙirƙira mai sanyi, ƙirƙira mai dumi da ƙirƙira mai zafi.
Muhimman abubuwan ƙirƙira
Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira ko sanyi shine tsarin gyaran ƙarfe. Babu narkewa da sakamakon ƙarfafawa. Lalacewar filastik yana haifar da karuwa a cikin adadin raguwa wanda ya haifar da yanayin damuwa na ciki. Lallai, ana danganta taurin iri ga mu'amalar ɓarkewa tare da wasu ɓangarorin da sauran shinge (kamar iyakokin hatsi). A lokaci guda, siffar lu'ulu'u na farko (dendrites) suna canzawa bayan aikin filastik na karfe.
Amfanin Ƙarfafawa:
- Kyakkyawan kayan aikin injiniya (ƙarfin amfanin gona, ductility, tauri)
- Amintaccen (amfani da sassa masu mahimmanci)
- Babu magani karfen ruwa
Lalacewar Ƙarfafawa:
- Mutu ba cika
- Mutu gazawar
- Ƙayyadaddun siffa lokacin da ake buƙatar sassan ƙasa ko sassan layi
- Gabaɗaya farashin yawanci ya fi girma fiye da simintin gyare-gyare
- Yawancin matakai sau da yawa ana buƙata
Za mu iya bambanta aiki mai zafi da aikin sanyi. Ana yin aiki mai zafi sama da zazzabi na recrystallization; Ana yin aikin sanyi a ƙarƙashinsa. A cikin zafi aiki iri hardening da gurbataccen tsarin hatsi ana kawar da su da sauri ta hanyar samar da sabbin hatsi marasa iri a sakamakon recrystallization. Yaduwa da sauri a yanayin zafin aiki mai zafi yana taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin. Hakanan ana iya rage porosity na farko sosai, a ƙarshe ya warke gaba ɗaya. Abubuwan al'amuran ƙarfe kamar taurin ƙarfi da sake sakewa suna da mahimmanci saboda waɗannan canje-canjen a cikin tsari suna haifar da haɓakar ductility da tauri akan yanayin simintin.
Wani abu mai mahimmanci da ya kamata a tuna shi ne cewa ingancin kayan aiki da maganin zafi na iya zama wani abu mai mahimmanci fiye da bambanci tsakanin simintin gyare-gyare da ƙirƙira a wasu lokuta.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-24-2021