Akwai dalilai da yawa nalahani simintin yashia zahiritsarin simintin yashi. Amma muna iya gano ainihin dalilai ta hanyar nazarin lahani a ciki da waje. Duk wani rashin bin ka'ida a tsarin gyare-gyare yana haifar da lahani a cikin simintin gyaran kafa wanda wani lokaci ana iya jurewa. Yawancin lokaci ana iya kawar da lahani na simintin yashi tare da gyaran gyare-gyare ko gyara hanyoyin kamar walda da ƙarfe. Anan a cikin wannan labarin muna ƙoƙarin bayar da wasu bayanai game da lahani na yashi gama gari don gano dalilai da magunguna daidai.
Waɗannan su ne manyan nau'ikan lahani waɗanda mai yiwuwa su faruyashi simintin gyaran kafa:
i) Lalacewar iskar gas
ii) Rushewar kogo
iii) Lalacewar kayan gyare-gyare
iv) Zubar da lahani na karfe
v) Lalacewar ƙarfe
1. Rashin Gas
Ana iya rarraba lahani a cikin wannan rukunin zuwa busa da buɗaɗɗen busa, haɗa iska da porosity ramin fil. Duk waɗannan lahani ana haifar da su da yawa ta hanyar ƙananan yanayin wucewar iskar gas wanda zai iya zama saboda ƙarancin huɗawa, ƙarancin ƙurawar ƙura da / ko ƙirar da ba ta dace ba na simintin gyaran kafa. Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙurajewa shine, bi da bi, yana haifar da mafi kyawun ƙwayar yashi, yumbu mafi girma, mafi girma danshi, ko ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na gyare-gyare.
Busa Ramuka da Buɗe Bugawa
Waɗannan su ne ƙofofi masu faɗin siffa ko fiɗaɗɗen da ke cikin simintin gyaran kafa ko a saman. A saman, ana kiran su buɗaɗɗen buɗa kuma yayin da suke ciki, ana kiran su busa ramuka. Saboda zafin da ke cikin narkakkar karfen, danshin yakan koma tururi, wani bangare na lokacin da aka makala a cikin simintin yakan kare a matsayin busa ko buguwa idan ya isa saman. Baya ga kasancewar danshi, suna faruwa ne saboda ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Don haka, a cikin koren yashi na yashi yana da matukar wahala a kawar da ramukan bugu, sai dai idan an samar da iska mai kyau.
Haɗin Jirgin Sama
Yanayin yanayi da sauran iskar gas ɗin da narkakkar ƙarfen da ke cikin tanderu, a cikin ladle, da kuma lokacin da yake gudana a cikin injin, idan ba a bar shi ya tsere ba, za su kasance cikin tarko a cikin simintin kuma ya raunana shi. Babban dalilan da ke haifar da wannan lahani shine yanayin zafi mai yawa wanda ke ƙara yawan iskar gas; ƙarancin ƙirar ƙofa irin su madaidaiciyar sprues a cikin gating mara ƙarfi, lanƙwasawa da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali a cikin gating, waɗanda ke haɓaka iskar aspiraton kuma a ƙarshe ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙirar ƙirar kanta. Magungunan zasu kasance don zaɓar yanayin zafin da ya dace da kuma inganta ayyukan gating ta hanyar rage tashin hankali.
Pin Hole Porosity
Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar hydrogen a cikin narkakken ƙarfe. Ana iya ɗaukar wannan a cikin tanderu ko kuma ta hanyar rarraba ruwa a cikin rami na mold. Yayin da narkakkar ta ke samun ƙarfi, yakan rasa zafin jiki wanda ke rage narkewar iskar gas, ta yadda zai fitar da narkar da iskar gas. Hydrogen yayin barin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi zai haifar da ƙananan diamita da dogayen ramuka masu nuna hanyar tserewa. Waɗannan jerin ramukan fil suna haifar da ɗigon ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsanancin matsin aiki. Babban dalilin hakan shine yawan zafin da ake zubawa wanda ke kara yawan iskar gas.
Rushewar Cavities
Ana haifar da waɗannan sakamakon raguwar ruwa da ke faruwa a lokacin ƙarfafa simintin. Don rama wannan, ana buƙatar ingantaccen ciyarwar ƙarfe na ruwa kamar yadda kuma ƙirar simintin da ta dace.
2. Lalacewar Kayan Kaya
Ƙarƙashin wannan rukunin akwai lahani waɗanda ke haifar da halayen kayan gyare-gyare. Lalacewar da za a iya sanyawa a cikin wannan nau'in su ne yankewa da wankewa, shigar karfe, hadewa, gudu, wutsiyar bera da dunkulewa, kumbura, da digo. Waɗannan lahani suna faruwa ne da gaske saboda kayan gyare-gyaren ba na abubuwan da ake buƙata ba ne ko kuma saboda rashin dacewa.
Yanke da Wankewa
Wadannan suna bayyana a matsayin gurguwar tabo da wuraren karafa da suka wuce gona da iri, kuma suna faruwa ne sakamakon yazawar yashi da narkakkar da ke gudana. Wannan na iya zama sanadin yashin gyare-gyaren da ba shi da isasshen ƙarfi ko narkakkar da ke gudana cikin sauri. Za'a iya gyara tsohon ta hanyar zaɓin yashi mai dacewa da yin amfani da hanyar gyare-gyaren da ta dace. Ana iya kula da na ƙarshe ta hanyar canza ƙirar gating don rage tashin hankali a cikin ƙarfe, ta hanyar ƙara girman ƙofofi ko ta amfani da ƙofofi masu yawa.
Shigar Karfe
Lokacin da narkakkarfan ya shiga cikin ramukan da ke tsakanin hatsin yashi, sakamakon zai zama simintin simintin gyaran kafa. Babban dalilin haka shi ne ko dai girman hatsin yashi ya yi yawa, ko kuma ba a shafa wankin gyale ba. Hakanan ana iya haifar da hakan ta hanyar haɓakar yanayin zafi. Zaɓin girman hatsin da ya dace, tare da wanke mold mai kyau ya kamata su iya kawar da wannan lahani.
Fusion
Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar haɗuwar hatsin yashi tare da narkakkar ƙarfe, yana ba da haske mai haske a saman simintin. Babban dalilin wannan lahani shine yumbu a cikin yashi mai gyare-gyare yana da ƙananan refractoriness ko kuma cewa yawan zafin jiki ya yi yawa. Zaɓin nau'in da ya dace da adadin bentonite zai magance wannan lahani.
Rushewa
Ana haifar da gudu lokacin da narkakkar karfe ya fita daga cikin mold. Ana iya haifar da hakan ko dai saboda rashin yin gyare-gyare ko kuma saboda kuskuren gyare-gyaren flask.
Rat wutsiya da ƙulle-ƙulle
Wutsiyar bera na faruwa ne sakamakon gazawar damtsewar fata na kogon gyaggyarawa saboda yawan zafin da ke cikin narkakken ƙarfe. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafi, yashi yana faɗaɗa, ta haka yana motsa bangon ƙirƙira a baya kuma a cikin tsari lokacin da bangon ya ba da baya, simintin simintin na iya samun wannan alama a matsayin ƙaramin layi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Fig. Tare da adadin irin wannan gazawar. , farfajiyar simintin na iya samun adadin ƙananan layukan da ke wucewa. Buckles sune wutsiyar bera masu tsanani. Babban abin da ke haifar da waɗannan lahani shine yashi mai gyare-gyaren ya sami ƙarancin haɓaka haɓaka da ƙarfin zafi ko zafi a cikin ƙarfen da ke zubowa ya yi yawa. Har ila yau, yashin da aka yi amfani da shi ba shi da isassun kayan carbonaceous don samar da tasirin da ya dace. Zaɓin da ya dace na fuskantar sinadaran yashi da zafin jiki na zubewa shine matakan rage haɗarin waɗannan lahani
Kumburi
Ƙarƙashin tasirin ƙarfin ƙarfe, bangon gyare-gyare na iya komawa baya yana haifar da kumburi a cikin girman simintin. Sakamakon kumburin, buƙatun ciyarwar simintin gyare-gyare yana ƙaruwa wanda yakamata a kula da shi ta hanyar zaɓin da ya dace na tashi. Babban abin da ke haifar da haka shi ne tsarin yin gyare-gyaren da ba daidai ba. Daidaitaccen ƙwanƙwasa ƙirar ya kamata ya gyara wannan lahani.
Sauke
Zubar da yashi mai laushi ko dunƙulewa akai-akai daga yanayin da ake iya jurewa zuwa cikin kogon gyaggyarawa shine ke da alhakin wannan lahani. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda rashin dacewa da ƙwanƙwasawa na cope flask.
3. Zuba Lalacewar Karfe
Misruns da Cold Shuts
Misrun ya faru ne lokacin da karfen ya kasa cika kogon da aka yi da shi gaba daya don haka ya bar kogon da ba a cika ba. Ana haifar da sanyi lokacin da koguna biyu na ƙarfe yayin haɗuwa a cikin rami mara kyau, don haka yana haifar da yankewa ko rauni a cikin simintin gyaran kafa. Wasu lokuta ana iya ganin yanayin da ke kaiwa ga rufewar sanyi lokacin da babu kaifi mai zuwa a cikin simintin gyare-gyare. Ana haifar da waɗannan lahani da gaske ta hanyar ƙananan ruwa na narkakken ƙarfe ko kuma cewa kaurin sashin simintin ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai. Ana iya gyara na ƙarshe ta hanyar ƙirar simintin da ta dace. Maganin da ke akwai shine ƙara yawan ruwa na ƙarfe ta hanyar canza abun da ke ciki ko haɓaka yawan zafin jiki. Hakanan za'a iya haifar da wannan lahani lokacin da ƙarfin cire zafi ya karu kamar yanayin yashi kore. Simintin gyare-gyaren da ke da babban yanki-zuwa-girma rabo na iya zama mai yiwuwa ga waɗannan lahani. Hakanan ana haifar da wannan lahani a cikin gyare-gyaren da ba a fitar da su yadda ya kamata saboda matsi na baya na iskar gas. A magunguna ne m inganta mold zane.
Haɗin Slag
A lokacin aikin narkewa, ana ƙara juzu'i don cire oxides mara kyau da ƙazanta waɗanda ke cikin ƙarfe. A lokacin bugawa, ya kamata a cire slag da kyau daga ladle, kafin a zuba karfe a cikin mold. In ba haka ba, duk wani slag da ke shiga cikin rami zai kasance yana raunana simintin gyare-gyare da kuma lalata saman simintin. Ana iya kawar da wannan ta hanyar wasu hanyoyin tarko kamar zub da allon kwandon shara ko tsawaita gudu.
4. Lalacewar Karfe.
Hawaye Zafi
Tun da ƙarfe yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi a yanayin zafi mafi girma, duk wani damuwa mai sanyaya da ba'a so ba zai iya haifar da fashewar simintin gyaran kafa. Babban dalilin wannan shine ƙarancin ƙirar simintin gyare-gyare.
Wuraren Zafi
Ana haifar da waɗannan sakamakon sanyin da aka yi. Misali, tare da baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka yana da ƙaramin siliki, farin simintin ƙarfe mai wuyar gaske zai iya haifar da yanayin sanyi. Wannan wuri mai zafi zai tsoma baki tare da injiniyoyi na gaba na wannan yanki. Ingantacciyar sarrafa ƙarfe da ayyukan sanyi suna da mahimmanci don kawar da wuraren zafi.
Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin sakin layi na baya, magungunan wasu lahani kuma su ne musabbabin wasu. Don haka, injiniyan fasinja dole ne ya nazarci simintin gyare-gyaren daga mahangar aikace-aikacensa na ƙarshe don haka ya isa kan hanyar gyare-gyaren da ta dace don kawar da ko rage mafi ƙarancin lahani.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-26-2021