Normalizing, wanda kuma aka sani da al'ada, shine don ƙona kayan aiki zuwa Ac3 (Ac yana nufin zafin ƙarshe wanda duk ferrite kyauta ke canzawa zuwa austenite yayin dumama, gabaɗaya daga 727 ° C zuwa 912 ° C) ko Acm (Acm yana cikin ainihin gaske). dumama, da m zafin jiki line ga cikakken austenitization na hypereutectoid karfe ne 30 ~ 50 ℃ sama 30 ~ 50 ℃ Bayan rike ga wani tsawon lokaci, ana fitar da tsarin kula da zafin ƙarfe daga cikin tanderun kuma sanyaya ta hanyar fesa ruwa, fesa ko busa iska Yawan ya ɗan yi sauri fiye da adadin sanyaya mai sanyaya, don haka tsarin daidaitawa yana da kyau fiye da tsarin annealing, kuma ana inganta kayan aikin injin sa tanderun ba ya ɗaukar kayan aiki, kuma yawan aiki yana da yawa saboda haka, ana amfani da al'ada kamar yadda zai yiwu don maye gurbin annealing a cikin samarwa. Don mahimman ƙirƙira tare da sifofi masu rikitarwa, ana buƙatar matsanancin zafin jiki (550-650 ° C) bayan daidaitawa. Manufar zafin zafin jiki mai zafi shine don kawar da danniya da aka haifar a lokacin daidaitawar sanyaya da inganta tauri da filastik. Bayan normalizing jiyya na wasu ƙananan alluran zafi-birgima na karfe, ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙarfe da simintin gyare-gyare, za a iya inganta ingantaccen kayan aikin injiniya na kayan aiki, kuma an inganta aikin yankan.
① Normalisation amfani da low carbon karfe, da taurin bayan normalizing ne dan kadan mafi girma fiye da na annealing, da taurin ne ma mai kyau. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman pretreatment don yankan.
② Normalization amfani da matsakaici carbon karfe, zai iya maye gurbin quenching da tempering jiyya (quenching + high zafin jiki tempering) a matsayin karshe zafi magani, ko a matsayin na farko jiyya kafin surface quenching ta shigar dumama.
③ Normalization amfani a cikin kayan aiki karfe, bearing karfe, carburized karfe, da dai sauransu, na iya rage ko hana samuwar cibiyar sadarwa carbides, don samun mai kyau tsarin da ake bukata don spheroidizing annealing.
④ Daidaitawa da aka yi amfani da shi don simintin ƙarfe, yana iya daidaita tsarin simintin simintin gyare-gyare da haɓaka aikin yankewa.
⑤ Daidaitawar da aka yi amfani da shi don manyan ƙirƙira, ana iya amfani da shi azaman maganin zafi na ƙarshe, don guje wa haɓakar haɓaka mai girma yayin quenching.
⑥ Normalization amfani da ductile baƙin ƙarfe don inganta taurin, ƙarfi, da kuma sa juriya, kamar yi na muhimman sassa kamar crankshafts da haɗa sanduna na motoci, tarakta, da dizal injuna.
⑦ Ana aiwatar da tsarin al'ada kafin spheroidizing annealing na hypereutectoid karfe, wanda zai iya kawar da ciminti na biyu na cibiyar sadarwa don tabbatar da cewa ciminti ya kasance duk spheroidized a lokacin spheroidizing annealing.
Tsarin bayan al'ada: Hypoeutectoid karfe shine ferrite + pearlite, eutectoid karfe shine pearlite, hypereutectoid karfe shine pearlite + cementite na biyu, kuma yana katsewa.
Normalizing ne yafi amfani da karfe workpieces. Normalizing karfe yayi kama da annealing, amma yawan sanyaya ya fi girma kuma tsarin ya fi kyau. Wasu karafa tare da ƙarancin sanyaya mai ƙarancin gaske na iya canza austenite zuwa martensite lokacin sanyaya cikin iska. Wannan magani ba ya daidaita, amma ana kiransa iska quenching. Sabanin haka, wasu manyan kayan aikin da aka yi da ƙarfe tare da babban ƙimar sanyaya mai mahimmanci ba za su iya samun martensite ba ko da an kashe su cikin ruwa, kuma tasirin quenching yana kusa da daidaitawa. Taurin karfe bayan al'ada ya fi na annealing. Lokacin al'ada, ba lallai ba ne don kwantar da kayan aiki tare da tanderun kamar annealing. Tanderun yana ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ingancin samarwa yana da girma. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da al'ada gabaɗaya gwargwadon yiwuwa don maye gurbin annealing a cikin samarwa. Don ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon tare da abun ciki na carbon kasa da 0.25%, taurin da aka samu bayan daidaitawa yana da matsakaici, wanda ya fi dacewa don yankewa fiye da annealing, kuma ana amfani da al'ada don shirya don yankewa da aiki. Don matsakaicin ƙarfe na carbon tare da abun ciki na carbon na 0.25 zuwa 0.5%, kuma yana iya saduwa da buƙatun yanke bayan daidaitawa. Don sassan da aka ɗora haske da aka yi da irin wannan nau'in karfe, ana iya amfani da daidaitawa azaman maganin zafi na ƙarshe. Normalizing na babban-carbon kayan aiki karfe da bearing karfe ne don kawar da cibiyar sadarwa carbides a cikin kungiyar da kuma shirya kungiyar don spheroidizing annealing.
Domin karshe zafi magani na talakawa tsarin sassa, tun da al'ada workpiece yana da mafi m inji Properties fiye da annealed jihar, normalizing za a iya amfani da a matsayin karshe zafi magani ga wasu talakawa tsarin sassa da cewa ba a danniya da kuma suna da low yi bukatun don rage yawan aiki. yawan matakai, Ajiye makamashi da haɓaka haɓakar samarwa. Bugu da kari, ga wasu manyan ko hadaddun sassa, a lokacin da quenching yana cikin hadarin fashe, normalizing iya sau da yawa maye gurbin quenching da tempering a matsayin karshe zafi magani.
Don sarrafa simintin ƙarfe tare da ingantacciyar kayan inji, akwai sanarwa da yawa akan daidaita maganin zafi.
1. Sanya Matsayin da Ya dace na Tushen Karfe a cikin Tanderu
A lokacin daidaita jiyya, ya kamata a gyara simintin ƙarfe a wani matsayi. Ba za a iya gano su ba da gangan. Matsayi mai kyau a lokacin daidaitawa zai iya sanya wuraren da aka sanya hannun jarin karfen zafi da ake bi da su iri ɗaya.
2. Yi Tunani Game da Girman Daban Daban da Kaurin bango kafin dumama
Don simintin ƙarfe mai tsayin siffa ko diamita na sirara, yana da kyau a sanya su da kyau don guje wa lahani. Idan simintin ƙarfe tare da ƙaramin yanki da babban yanki suna dumama a cikin tanderu iri ɗaya, simintin da ƙaramin sashi yakamata a sanya shi a gaban tanda. Don hadaddun simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe, musamman ga waɗanda ke da sifofi marasa ƙarfi, yana da kyau a fara dumama simintin ɗin da farko sannan a ƙara yawan zafin jiki a hankali. Wannan zai taimaka don kauce wa lahani na damuwa da aka bari a cikin simintin ƙarfe wanda ya haifar da saurin dumama.
3. Cooling Bayan Al'ada
Bayan daidaitawa, ya kamata a sanya simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe daban a kan busasshiyar ƙasa. Ba za a iya haɗa simintin gyare-gyare masu zafi ba, ko sanya shi cikin ƙasa mai ɗanɗano. Waɗannan za su shafi sanyaya a sassa daban-daban na simintin gyare-gyare. Yawan sanyaya a sassa daban-daban zai shafi taurin a waɗancan wuraren.
Gabaɗaya, zafin ruwa ba zai iya wuce 40 ℃ ba. Zazzabi na mai bai wuce 80 ℃ ba.
4. Normalizing for Simintin gyaran kafa na Karfe daban-daban maki
Idan yanayin da ake buƙata don simintin ƙarfe tare da kayan daban-daban iri ɗaya ne, ana iya bi da su zafi a cikin tanda ɗaya. Ko kuma, yakamata a dumama su gwargwadon yanayin yanayin da ake buƙata na maki daban-daban.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuni-27-2021