Maganin saman ƙarfe tsari ne na samar da shimfidar ƙasa ta hanyar wucin gadi akan saman wani kayan tushe na ƙarfe wanda ya bambanta da na inji, na zahiri da sinadarai na tushe. Manufar jiyya a saman ita ce saduwa da juriya na lalata samfur, juriya, ado ko wasu buƙatun aiki na musamman. Don yin simintin ƙarfe, hanyoyin jiyya na sama da aka fi amfani da su sune: goge-goge na injina, jiyya na sinadarai, jiyya mai zafi, da saman fesa. Abubuwan da ake gyarawa na simintin ƙarfe shine don tsaftacewa, sharewa, ɓarna, raguwa, da kuma lalata saman kayan aikin.
Akwai bayani guda biyu don maganin saman. Ɗayan shine jiyya na gabaɗaya, wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyi na jiki da na sinadarai da yawa ciki har da pretreatment, electroplating, zanen, sinadarai oxidation, thermal spraying, da dai sauransu; ɗayan kuma shine ƙunƙuntaccen ma'anar magani. Wato sarrafa kawai ciki har da yashi, goge baki, da sauransu, wanda shine abin da muke kira pre-treatment.
| Maganin Sama | Aikace-aikace |
| Zinc Plating | Alloy karfe simintin gyare-gyare, carbon karfe simintin gyaran kafa, sassa da aka yi da foda karfe |
| Rufin Zinc mara amfani | Electroless Zinc arziki shafi a kan karfe sassa |
| Nickel Plating mara amfani | Plating nickel maras amfani akan karfe, bakin karfe, aluminum, da sassan jan karfe |
| Tin-Zinc Plating | Tin-zinc plating akan sassan karfe |
| Chromium Plating | Alloy karfe simintin gyaran kafa, Tagulla tushen gami simintin gyaran kafa |
| Nikel Plating | Plating nickel mara ƙarfi akan ƙarfe, bakin karfe, da sassan aluminum |
| Chrome-Nickel Plating | Sassan ƙarfe, sassan tagulla |
| Zinc Nickel Plating | Simintin ƙarfe, simintin tagulla, sassan simintin tagulla |
| Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating | Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating akan karfe, bakin karfe, sassan aluminum |
| Rufe Copper | Sanya a kan sassan karfe |
| Anodizing | Anodizing da wuya anodizing a kan aluminum profile, machining da mutu simintin aluminum sassa |
| Zane | Zane da bushe fim a kan baƙin ƙarfe, aluminum, bakin karfe, da karfe sassa |
| Tsabtace Acid | Acid tsaftacewa don bakin karfe simintin gyaran kafa, zafi bi da sassa, super alloy, aluminum gami, da titanium gami sassa. |
| Abin sha'awa | Passivation na kowane irin bakin karfe |
| Phosphating | Zinc da manganese phosphating na al'ada simintin gyaran kafa da machining sassa |
| Electrophoresis | Electrophoresis akan sassan karfe |
| Electrolytic Polishing | Electrolytic polishing a kan bakin karfe sassa |
| Zane Waya | Bakin karfe ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare, walda da ƙirƙira |
1. Gyaran saman saman
A kan aiwatar da aiki, sufuri, ajiya, da dai sauransu, saman karfe workpieces sau da yawa yana da oxide sikelin, tsatsa gyare-gyaren yashi, walda slag, ƙura, man fetur da sauran datti. Domin rufin ya kasance da ƙarfi a haɗe zuwa saman kayan aiki, dole ne a tsaftace fuskar aikin kafin zanen. In ba haka ba, ba wai kawai zai shafi ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da juriya na lalata na sutura zuwa karfe ba, amma kuma ya yi tushe mai tushe ko da an rufe shi. Zai iya ci gaba da lalatawa a ƙarƙashin kariya na Layer, yana haifar da suturar da aka yi amfani da shi, yana shafar kayan aikin injiniya da kuma rayuwar sabis na aikin aiki. Ana iya ganin cewa manufar pretreatment surface na karfe workpieces ne don samar da mai kyau substrate dace da shafi bukatun, samun wani m Layer na mai kyau quality, da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis na samfurin.
2. Maganin Makanikai
Yawanci sun haɗa da goge goge na waya, walƙiya harbi da ƙurar yashi.
Gwargwadon gogewar goga ita ce injin ɗin yana motsa abin nadi, kuma abin nadi na goga yana jujjuya da sauri a saman saman sama da na ƙasa na tsiri a gaban da ya saba wa motsin juzu'in don cire ma'aunin oxide. Ana wanke ma'aunin iskar oxide da aka goge tare da rufaffiyar tsarin wankin ruwan sanyi mai kewayawa.
Shot fashewa wata hanya ce ta amfani da ƙarfin centrifugal don haɓaka aikin aikin da aiwatar da shi zuwa kayan aikin don cire tsatsa da tsaftacewa. Koyaya, fashewar harbi yana da ƙarancin sassauci kuma yana iyakance ta wurin. Yana da ɗan makaho lokacin tsaftace kayan aikin, kuma yana da sauƙi don samar da matattun sasanninta akan saman ciki na aikin da ba za a iya tsaftacewa ba. Tsarin kayan aikin yana da sarkakiya, akwai sassa da yawa da ake sawa, musamman ruwan wukake da sauran sassa suna sawa da sauri, lokacin aikin kulawa yana da yawa, farashi yana da yawa, kuma saka hannun jari na lokaci ɗaya yana da yawa. Yin amfani da fashewar harbe-harbe don maganin saman, tasirin tasirin yana da girma, kuma tasirin tsaftacewa a bayyane yake.
Duk da haka, da jiyya na bakin ciki farantin workpieces ta harbi peening iya sauƙi nakasu da workpiece, da kuma karfe harbi hits da surface na workpiece (ko da harbi ayukan iska mai ƙarfi ko harbi peening) nakasa da karfe substrate. Saboda ferroferric oxide da ferroferric oxide ba su da filastik, za su karye. Bayan kwasfa, fim ɗin mai ya lalace tare da kayan aiki, don haka fashewar harbi da fashewar fashewar ba zai iya cire tabon mai gaba ɗaya a kan yanki na aikin tare da tabo mai. Daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na jiyya don kayan aiki, mafi kyawun tsaftacewa shine fashewar yashi. Sandblasting ya dace don tsaftace farfajiyar aikin tare da buƙatu mafi girma.
3. Maganin Plasma
Plasma tarin abubuwa ne masu inganci masu inganci da barbashi mara kyau (ciki har da ions masu kyau, korau ions, electrons, radicals free da kungiyoyi masu aiki daban-daban, da sauransu). Zarge-zargen tabbatacce da mara kyau daidai suke. Saboda haka, ana kiranta plasma, wanda shine yanayi na hudu wanda kwayoyin halitta ke wanzuwa a cikin su ban da m, ruwa, da gaseous states-plasma state. Na'urar sarrafa saman plasma ta ƙunshi janareta na plasma, bututun isar gas da bututun plasma. Mai samar da plasma yana haifar da matsananciyar matsa lamba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin bututun ƙarfe na bututun ƙarfe don kunnawa da sarrafawa don haifar da ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin fitarwa mai haske, tare da taimakon iska mai matsa lamba Ana fesa plasma zuwa saman kayan aikin.
Lokacin da plasma da saman abin da aka sarrafa su hadu, abin ya canza kuma halayen sinadaran suna faruwa. An tsabtace farfajiyar, kuma an cire gurɓatawar hydrocarbon irin su maiko da ƙari na ƙari, ko etched da roughened, ko kafa wani yanki mai alaƙa da giciye, ko gabatar da ƙungiyoyin polar mai ɗauke da iskar oxygen (hydroxyl, carboxyl), waɗannan ƙungiyar tana da. tasirin inganta mannewa na kayan shafa daban-daban, kuma an inganta shi a cikin mannewa da aikace-aikacen fenti. A karkashin irin wannan sakamako, aikace-aikace na maganin ƙwayar cuta na plasma zai iya samun wani nau'i mai zurfi mai zurfi mai zurfi, wanda ke da amfani ga haɗin kai, sutura da bugawa. Babu buƙatar wasu injuna, magungunan sinadarai da sauran abubuwa masu ƙarfi don ƙara mannewa.
4. Hanyar Electrochemical
Electrochemical surface jiyya yana amfani da electrode dauki samar da wani shafi a kan surface na workpiece, wanda yafi hada electroplating da anodic hadawan abu da iskar shaka.
Lokacin da workpiece ne cathode a cikin electrolyte bayani. Hanyar samar da sutura a kan farfajiyar karkashin aikin wani waje na waje ana kiransa electroplating. A plating Layer na iya zama karfe, gami, semiconductor ko dauke da daban-daban m barbashi, kamar tagulla plating, nickel plating, da dai sauransu.
Duk da yake a cikin electrolyte bayani, da workpiece ne anode. Tsarin samar da fim din oxide akan farfajiya a ƙarƙashin aikin na waje na waje ana kiransa anodization, kamar anodization na aluminum gami. Ana iya yin maganin oxidation na karfe ta hanyar sinadarai ko hanyoyin lantarki. Hanyar sinadarai ita ce sanya kayan aikin a cikin maganin oxidizing, da kuma dogara da aikin sinadarai don samar da fim ɗin oxide a saman kayan aikin, kamar bluing na ƙarfe.
5. Hanyoyin Sinadarai
Jiyya na hanyar sinadarai ba shi da wani tasiri na yanzu, kuma yana amfani da hulɗar abubuwa masu sinadaran don samar da plating Layer a saman kayan aikin. Babban hanyoyin su ne maganin jujjuyawar sinadarai da sakan wutan lantarki.
A cikin maganin electrolyte, kayan aikin ƙarfe ba shi da wani aiki na yanzu na waje, kuma sinadaran da ke cikin maganin yana hulɗa tare da aikin aikin don samar da wani shafi a samansa, wanda ake kira maganin canza fim din. Irin su bluing, phosphating, passivation, da maganin gishiri na chromium akan saman karfe. A cikin bayani na electrolyte, ana bi da saman aikin aikin ba tare da tasirin halin yanzu ba. A cikin maganin, saboda raguwar abubuwan sinadarai, tsarin ajiye wasu abubuwa a saman kayan aikin don samar da sutura ana kiransa electroless plating, kamar electroless nickel, Electroless copper plating, da dai sauransu.
6. Hanyar sarrafa zafi
Hanyar sarrafa zafi ita ce ta narke ko kuma watsar da kayan a cikin yanayi mai zafi don samar da shafi a saman kayan aikin. Manyan hanyoyin sune kamar haka:
1) Zafi Dip Plating
Tsarin sanya kayan aikin ƙarfe a cikin narkakkar ƙarfe don samar da sutura a samansa ana kiransa plating mai zafi, kamar zafi tsoma galvanizing da aluminum mai zafi.
2) Fesa zafin jiki
Hanyar atomizing da narkakkar karfe da kuma fesa shi a saman workpiece don samar da wani shafi ake kira thermal spraying, kamar thermal spraying zinc da thermal spraying aluminum.
3) Zafafa Stamping
Tsarin dumama da latsa foil ɗin ƙarfe a saman kayan aikin don samar da Layer shafi ana kiransa zafi stamping, irin su zazzage foil na aluminum.
4) Maganin Zafin Sinadari
Tsarin da workpiece ke cikin hulɗa da sinadarai da zafi, kuma wani nau'i na shiga cikin farfajiyar aikin a yanayin zafi mai zafi shine ake kira maganin zafi na sinadarai, kamar nitriding da carburizing.
7. Electrophoresis
A matsayin na'urar lantarki, ana sanya kayan aikin a cikin fenti mai narkewa ko ruwa, kuma yana samar da da'ira tare da sauran lantarki a cikin fenti. Ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki, an raba maganin sutura a cikin ions resin da aka caji, cations suna motsawa zuwa cathode, kuma anions suna motsawa zuwa anode. Waɗannan ions na resin da aka caje, tare da barbashi na pigment, ana sanya su ta hanyar lantarki zuwa saman kayan aikin don samar da sutura. Ana kiran wannan tsari electrophoresis.
8. Electrostatic Spraying
Karkashin aikin filin wutar lantarki mai karfin wutan lantarki na DC, ana umurtar da barbashi na fenti da aka caje su tashi a kan ma'aunin aiki mai inganci don samun fim din fenti, wanda ake kira fenti a tsaye.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-12-2021