Tsarin Simintin Ƙarfe

Yin simintin gyare-gyare na ɗaya daga cikin farkon hanyoyin gyaran ƙarfe da ɗan adam ya sani. Gabaɗaya yana nufin zubar da narkakken ƙarfe a cikin wani ƙumburi mai raɗaɗi tare da rami na siffar da za a yi, da ba da damar ƙarfafa shi. Yausheda ƙarfi, ana fitar da abin ƙarfe da ake so daga madaidaicin ƙirƙira ko dai ta hanyar karya gyambon ko kuma ta ɓarke ​​​​samuwar. Abu mai ƙarfi ana kiransa simintin gyare-gyare. Wannan tsari kuma ana kiransa kafa, kuma ana kiran masana'antar zamani da ke mai da hankali kan simintin karfetushe.

1. Tarihin Tsarin Simintin Ɗaukaka
Wataƙila an gano tsarin simintin gyare-gyare a kusan 3500 BC a Mesopotamiya. A wurare da yawa na duniya a wannan lokacin, ana fitar da gatari na tagulla da sauran abubuwa masu lebur a cikin buɗaɗɗen sassa na dutse ko kuma gasa.yumbu. Waɗannan gyare-gyaren sun kasance a cikin guda ɗaya. Amma a lokuta na gaba, lokacin da ake buƙatar yin abubuwa masu zagaye, ana raba irin waɗannan gyare-gyare zuwa sassa biyu ko fiye don sauƙaƙe cire abubuwan zagaye.Shekarun Bronze (c 2000 BC) ya kawo ƙarin gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin simintin gyare-gyare. A karon farko watakila, an ƙirƙira wata jijiya don yin faɗuwar aljihu a cikin abubuwan. An yi su da yumbu da aka gasa.Har ila yau, an yi amfani da tsarin cire perdue ko asarar da aka yi amfani da shi sosai don yin kayan ado da aiki mai kyau.

Sinawa sun inganta fasahar yin simintin gyare-gyare sosai daga wajen shekara ta 1500 BC. Kafin haka, babu wata shaida ta kowane irin aikin da aka samu a China. Ba su bayyana sun yi girma bawanda ya saba da tsarin cire perdue kuma bai yi amfani da shi sosai ba amma a maimakon haka ya ƙware a cikin gyare-gyare masu yawa don yin ayyuka masu rikitarwa. Sun ɓata lokaci mai yawa a cikin ƙaddamar da mold zuwa daki-daki na ƙarshe don haka da wuyaan buƙaci duk wani aikin gamawa akan simintin gyare-gyaren da aka yi daga gyare-gyare. Wataƙila sun yi guntun gyare-gyaren da ke ƙunshe da gyare-gyare a hankali, mai lamba talatin ko fiye. A gaskiya ma, an tono irin waɗannan nau'ikan da yawauring binciken kayan tarihi a sassa daban-daban na kasar Sin.

Wayewar Kwarin Indus kuma sananne ne don yawan amfani da simintin tagulla da tagulla don kayan ado, makamai, kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Amma ba a sami ci gaba sosai a fasahar ba. Daga variAbubuwan da aka tono daga wuraren kwarin Indus, da alama sun saba da duk sanannun hanyoyin yin simintin gyare-gyare kamar buɗaɗɗen mould, guntu mold da tsarin cire perdue.

Ko da yake Indiya za a iya lasafta da ƙirƙira na crucible karfe, ba a bayyana da yawa na karfe kafa a Indiya. Akwai shaida cewa an fara kafa ƙarfe a kusan 1000 BC a Siriya da Farisa. Ya bayyanacewasimintin ƙarfeAna amfani da fasaha a Indiya tun lokacin mamayewar Alexander the Great, kusan 300 BC.

Shahararriyar ginshiƙin ƙarfe da ke kusa da Qutb minar a Delhi misali ne na ƙwarewar ƙarfe na mutanen Indiya na dā. Tsawonsa ya kai mita 7.2 kuma an yi shi da baƙin ƙarfe zalla. Ana tsammanin wannan yana daga cikinzamanin Chandragupta II (375-413 AD) na daular Gupta. Adadin tsatsawar wannan ginshiƙi, wanda ke tsaye a waje a sararin sama kusan sifili ne kuma ko da ɓangaren da aka binne yana yin tsatsa a hankali sosai. Wannandole ne a fara simintin simintin gyare-gyare sannan a dunƙule su zuwa siffa ta ƙarshe.

2. Fa'idodi da Iyakoki
Ana amfani da tsarin simintin gyare-gyare sosai a masana'anta saboda fa'idodinsa da yawa. Narkakkar kayan yana gudana cikin kowane ƙaramin sashe a cikin rami kuma don haka, kowane siffa mai rikitarwa-na cikiko na waje-ana iya yin tare da tsarin simintin gyare-gyare. Yana yiwuwa a jefa a zahiri kowane abu ya kasance na ƙarfe ne ko mara ƙarfe. Bugu da ari, kayan aikin da ake buƙata don simintin gyare-gyare suna da sauƙi kumam. A sakamakon haka, don samar da gwaji ko samar da ƙananan yawa, hanya ce mai kyau. Yana yiwuwa a cikin aikin simintin gyare-gyare, don sanya adadin kayan aiki a inda ake buƙata daidai. SabodaAna iya samun raguwar nauyi a cikin ƙira.Yin wasan kwaikwayogabaɗaya ana sanyaya su iri ɗaya daga kowane gefe don haka ana tsammanin ba su da kaddarorin jagora. Akwai wasu karafa da gamiwanda kawai za a iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare ba ta kowane tsari kamar ƙirƙira ba saboda la'akari da ƙarfe. Ana iya yin simintin gyare-gyare na kowane girman da nauyi, har zuwa ton 200.

Koyaya, daidaiton girma da ƙarewar saman da aka samu ta al'adatsarin simintin yashiba zai isa ba don aikace-aikacen ƙarshe a yawancin lokuta. Don yin la'akari da waɗannan lokuta, wasu simintin gyare-gyare na musammanAn ɓullo da matakai irin su diecasting, waɗanda aka ba da cikakkun bayanai a cikin surori na gaba. Har ila yau, aikin simintin yashi yana da ƙwaƙƙwaran aiki har zuwa wani wuri don haka ana son ingantawa da yawa.kamar gyare-gyaren na'ura da injiniyoyin ma'adinai. Tare da wasu kayan yana da wahala sau da yawa a cire lahani da ke fitowa daga danshin da ke cikiyashi simintin gyaran kafa.

3. Sharuɗɗan Casting
A cikin surori masu zuwa za a ga cikakkun bayanai na simintin yashi, wanda ke wakiltar ainihin hanyar yin simintin. Kafin shiga cikin cikakkun bayanai na tsari, ma'anar yawan jefa kalmomi zai kasancedace.

Flask- Filashin gyare-gyare shine wanda ke riƙe da ƙera yashi. Ya danganta da matsayin flask ɗin a cikin tsarin ƙirar, ana kiransa da sunaye daban-daban kamar ja, jurewa da kunci. An yi shi da itacedon aikace-aikacen wucin gadi ko ƙari gabaɗaya na ƙarfe don amfani na dogon lokaci.
Jawo– Ƙarƙashin filashin gyare-gyare
Kwace– Babban gyare-gyaren flask
Kunci– Matsakaicin filashin gyare-gyaren da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sassa uku.
Tsarin– Tsarin kwafi ne na abu na ƙarshe da za a yi tare da wasu gyare-gyare. Ana yin rami mai laushi tare da taimakon ƙirar.
Layin rabuwa– Wannan shine layin raba tsakanin gyalen gyare-gyare guda biyu wanda ke yin yashi mold. A tsaga tsarin kuma shine layin rarraba tsakanin rabi biyu na ƙirar
Kasa Board– Wannan allo ne da aka saba yi da itace, wanda ake amfani da shi a farkon yin gyare-gyare. An fara ajiye tsarin a kan allon ƙasa, ana yayyafa yashi a kai sannan a yi ramin a cikin ja.
Fuskantar Yashi- Ƙananan adadin carbonaceous abu yafa masa a saman ciki na kogon gyare-gyaren don ba da kyakkyawan ƙarewa ga simintin gyaran kafa.
Yashi Molding– Shi ne freshly shirya refractory abu amfani da yin mold rami. Yana da cakuda yumbu silica da danshi a daidai gwargwado don samun sakamakon da ake so kuma yana kewaye dasamfurin yayin yin mold.
Yashi Baya– Shi ne abin da ya ƙunshi mafi yawan refractory abu samu a cikin mold. Wannan ya ƙunshi yashi da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma ƙonewa.
Core- Ana amfani da shi don yin ramukan rami a cikin simintin gyare-gyare.
Zuba Basin– Karamin rami mai siffar mazurari a saman abin da ake zuba narkakken karfen a cikinsa.
Surar– Hanyar da narkakkar karfen da ke cikin kwandon zubowa ya kai ga kogon gyare-gyare. A lokuta da yawa yana sarrafa kwararar karfe zuwa cikin mold.
Mai gudu– Hanyoyin da ke cikin jirgin da ke rabuwa da narkakken karfen da aka tsara kafin su kai ga rami.
kofa– Ainihin wurin shiga da narkakkar karfe ke shiga cikin kogon.
Chaplet- Ana amfani da chaplets don tallafawa cores a cikin rami don kula da nauyinsa da shawo kan ƙarfin ƙarfe.
sanyi- Chills abubuwa ne na ƙarfe, waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin ƙira don haɓaka ƙimar sanyaya na simintin gyare-gyare don samar da daidaito ko ƙimar sanyaya da ake so.
Riser– Tafki ne na narkakkar karfe da aka tanadar a cikin simintin ta yadda ƙarfe mai zafi zai iya komawa cikin kogon ƙura a lokacin da aka sami raguwar ƙarar ƙarfe saboda ƙarfafawa.

4. Hanyar Yin Yashi Mold
Hanyar yin gyare-gyaren yashi na al'ada an kwatanta shi a cikin matakai masu zuwa:

Na farko, an sanya katako na ƙasa ko dai a kan dandalin gyare-gyare ko a ƙasa, yana mai da farfajiyar har ma. Ana ajiye flask ɗin gyare-gyaren ja a kan allo na ƙasa tare da ɓangaren ja nazane a tsakiyar flask a kan allo. Ya kamata a sami isasshen izini tsakanin ƙirar da ganuwar flask wanda ya zama na tsari na 50 zuwa 100 mm. Yashi mai busasshiyar fuska ana yayyafawaallon da tsarin don samar da wani Layer mara kyau. Yashi mai gyare-gyaren da aka shirya da kyau yanzu ana zuba shi a cikin ja da kuma kan ƙirar zuwa kauri na 30 zuwa 50 mm. Sauran jan flask din shinegaba daya ya cika da yashin ajiyar da aka yi masa iri daya don tattake yashin. Ya kamata a yi ramming na yashi yadda ya kamata don kada a takura shi da karfi, wanda ke sa tserewar iskar gas ke da wuya.kuma ba ma sako-sako ba, don kada ƙuran ya sami isasshen ƙarfi. Bayan an gama ramin, yashin da ya wuce gona da iri a cikin flask ɗin yana goge gaba ɗaya ta amfani da sandar lebur zuwa matakin gefuna na flask.

Yanzu, tare da wayar iska, wanda shine waya na diamita na 1-zuwa 2-mm tare da ƙarshen nuni, ana yin ramukan huɗa a cikin ja zuwa zurfin tudu da kuma tsarin don sauƙaƙe kawar da iskar gas. a lokacin simintin gyare-gyareƙarfafawa. Wannan yana kammala shirye-shiryen ja.

Filashin ja da aka gama yanzu an naɗe shi zuwa allon ƙasa yana fallasa tsarin kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto. Yin amfani da slick, an gyara gefuna na yashi a kusa da tsarin kuma an sanya rabin abin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan.tsarin ja, yana daidaita shi tare da taimakon fil ɗin dowel. Flask ɗin da ke saman ja yana nan yana daidaitawa tare da taimakon fil ɗin. Yashi mai bushewa yana yayyafa ko'ina cikin ja da kuma a kan tsarin.

Ƙaƙwalwar sprue don yin hanyar sprue yana samuwa a ƙananan nisa na kimanin 50 mm daga tsarin. Hakanan, fil fil idan an buƙata ana kiyaye shi a wurin da ya dace da yashi mai gyare-gyaren da aka shirya daidai da wancanna ja tare da yashin baya ana yayyafawa. Yashi yana tarwatse sosai, an goge yashi da yawa kuma ana yin ramukan huɗa a cikin jumhuriyar kamar a cikin ja.

Ana cire fil ɗin sprue da e riser fil a hankali daga flask ɗin. Daga baya, an yanke kwandon ruwa kusa da saman sprue. An rabu da cope daga ja da duk wani sako-sako da yashi a kan jimre da ja da dubawadaga cikin ja da aka hura kashe tare da taimakon bellows. Yanzu, an cire juriyar juriyar juzu'i da ja-in-ja ta hanyar amfani da zana spikes da rapping tsarin ko'ina don ɗan ƙara girman rami ta yaddaganuwar mold ba su lalace ta hanyar janyewa. Ana yanke masu gudu da ƙofofin a cikin mold a hankali ba tare da lalata ƙirar ba. Duk wani wuce gona da iri ko yashi da aka samu a cikin masu gudu da kogon gyare-gyare ana busacire ta amfani da bellow. Yanzu, an yi amfani da yashi mai fuskantar fuska a cikin nau'i na manna a ko'ina cikin kogon mold da kuma masu gudu, wanda zai ba da ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa mai kyau.

Ana shirya busasshiyar yashi ta hanyar amfani da akwati mai mahimmanci. Bayan yin burodin da ya dace, an sanya shi a cikin rami na mold kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto. Ana maye gurbin juzu'in a kan ja yana kula da daidaitawar biyu ta hanyarfil. Ana kiyaye nauyin da ya dace akan jurewa don kula da ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na sama yayin zubar da narkakken ƙarfe. Mold yanzu, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto yana shirye don zubawa.