Monel 400 Nickel Based Alloy

Monel alloy shine gawa mai tushen Ni, babban sinadaransa shine nickel (Ni), mafi girman abun ciki har zuwa kashi 67%, sauran babban sinadaran shine jan karfe (Cu), sannan yana dauke da karamin karfe (Fe) , manganese (Mn) da carbon (C), silicon (Si) da sauran abubuwa.

Ƙarfin Monel alloy ya fi na nickel tsantsa, kuma yana iya jure lalatawar kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban, ciki har da ruwan teku mai sauri. Hanyoyin sarrafawa na Monel alloy sun haɗa da aiki mai zafi, aikin sanyi, machining da walda.

A cikin 1901, Robert Crooks Stanley, masanin ƙarfe a Kamfanin Nickel na Duniya (INCO), ya ƙirƙira Monel gami.

Asalin sunan alloy na Monel yana dogara ne akan bayanai don biyan haraji ga shugaban kamfanin na lokacin Ambrose Monell (Ambrose Monell). Daga baya, Mr. Stanley ya kuma zama shugaban kamfanin nickel na kasa da kasa. Monel alloy aka ba da lamban kira a 1906.

Monel alloy wani tsada ne mai tsada wanda farashinsa ya ninka sau 5-10 na tagulla da kuma nickel zalla. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi ne kawai a aikace-aikace inda ba za a iya maye gurbinsa da arha madadin.

 

Tarin Sinadari da Kayayyakin Injini na Monel 400 Alloy (N0440):

 

Haɗin Sinada na Monel 400 Alloy (%)
C ≤	Sa ≤	Mn ≤	P ≤	S ≤	Cr ≥	Ni ≥	Mo ≥	Ku ≤
0.3	0.5	2	-	0.024	-	63	-	28.0-34.0
Wasu	N ≤	A l≤	Ti ≤	F e≤	Co ≤	V ≤	W ≤	Nb ≤
	-	-	-	2.5	-	-	-	-

1. Monel 400 (N04400) ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi na alloy: σb ≥ 450 Mpa.
2. Monel 400 (N04400) Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi: σb ≥ 170 Mpa.
3. Monel 400 (N04400) alloy elongation: δ ≥ 30%.

 

Properties na Monel Alloy

Monel alloy ne m bayani ga binary gami. Tun da Ni da Cu suna narkar da juna, shi ma alloy mai lokaci guda ne. Idan aka kwatanta da karfe, machining na Monel gami yana da wahala, galibi saboda saurin ƙarfin aiki da halayensa. Yana buƙatar juyawa a ƙananan gudu da ƙananan ƙimar ciyarwa.

Girman Monel alloy 400 shine 8.80 g / cm3, kewayon zafin jiki na narkewa shine 1300 ~ 1350 ° C, ƙaddamarwa shine game da 34% IACS (IACS yana nufin Matsayin Matsayi na Kasa da Kasa na Annealed Copper), kuma ƙimar taurin annealed shine 65. HRB. Monel alloy 400 sananne ne don taurin sa kuma yana iya kiyaye wannan taurin a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai yawa.

Yana iya jure lalatar acid da alkalis daban-daban, kuma wasu alluran Monel na iya jure tsaftataccen iskar oxygen. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi a cikin wurare masu lalata sosai. Monel alloy K-500 kafa bayan ƙara karamin adadin aluminum (Al) da titanium (Ti) yana da irin lalata juriya kamar Monel gami 400 amma mafi girma ƙarfi, wanda shi ne yafi saboda samuwar γ'phase a lokacin tsufa jiyya. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, Monel alloy ya fi tsada fiye da bakin karfe.

Monel alloy 400 kuma na iya kula da kyawawan kaddarorin inji a ƙasa da sifili. Kodayake ƙarfi da taurin za su ƙaru, filastik ko taurin zai ragu kaɗan kaɗan. Ko da an sanyaya shi a cikin ruwa hydrogen, gami ba zai jure juzu'in ductile-gagujewa ba. Wannan shine babban bambanci tsakanin Monel gami da kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe (karfe da ƙarfe) tare da ƙarancin zafin jiki.

Monel alloy yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata a wurare da yawa, amma yana da wuyar yin tsatsa lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa ruwan gishiri; ba zai iya jure lalatawar kafofin watsa labaru masu ɗauke da nitric oxide, nitric acid, sulfur dioxide da hypochlorite ba. Amfani da Monel gami kuma zai haifar da lalatawar electrochemical. A wasu kalmomi, lokacin da masu ɗaure da aka yi da aluminum, zinc ko baƙin ƙarfe suka haɗu da Monel alloy, a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa (kamar amfani da ruwa mai gudana cikin sauri), ƙarfe na ƙarfe sassa za su lalace da sauri.

 

Amfani da Monel alloy

Jirgin sama
A cikin shekarun 1960. Monel alloy ya lashe adadi mai yawa na umarni a fagen sararin samaniya da gina jiragen sama. Musamman ana amfani da shi don gina fuselage da fata na jirgin sama na gwaji. Misali, ana iya amfani da X-15 ta Arewacin Amurka don jure yawan zafin da ke haifarwa ta hanyar iska mai ƙarfi yayin tashin jirgin sama mai tsananin sauri. Monel alloy har yanzu yana iya kiyaye ƙarfinsa a yanayin zafi mai tsananin gaske, yana ba shi damar kula da kwanciyar hankalinsa a babban saurin jirgin sama. A lokacin kula da jirgin sama, Monel alloy ana amfani da shi azaman kulle waya a cikin wurare masu zafi mai zafi don tabbatar da cewa an kulle na'urorin; saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki, galibi ana amfani da wayoyi na kulle bakin karfe a wasu wurare.

Hako Mai Da Tace
Ana amfani da Monel don yin sassan da ke tuntuɓar hydrofluoric acid kai tsaye a cikin sashin alkylation. Monel alloy na ban mamaki juriya ga lalata hydrofluoric acid yana da ban mamaki. Yana iya jure duk wani taro na hydrofluoric acid, kuma yawan zafin jiki na iya isa wurin tafasa na hydrofluoric acid. Wannan na iya zama kayan da ke da mafi kyawun juriya na lalata tsakanin kayan gami da injiniyoyin da ake amfani da su. Monel gami kuma na iya jure lalata nau'ikan sulfide da hydrochloric acid a cikin yanayin ragewa.

Injiniyan Ruwa
Juriya na lalata Monel gami ya sa ya zama kyakkyawan abu don aikace-aikacen ruwa, kamar tsarin bututu, ramukan famfo, bawul ɗin teku, layukan kamun kifi, da matatun kwando. Wasu Alloys ɗin Monel gaba ɗaya ba Magnetic ba ne, kuma ana amfani da su don yin igiyoyi na anga don mahaƙar ma'adinai da gidaje don kayan auna filin maganadisu. A kan jiragen ruwa, ana amfani da wayar alloy na Monel don kulle ƙuƙuman igiyoyin igiya. Har ila yau, ana amfani da alluran Monel wajen kera tankunan ruwa da tankunan mai da sauran na’urorin da ke karkashin ruwa, irin su farfela da bolts.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa saboda matsalar lalata electrochemical (bimetallic corrosion) a cikin ruwan teku, Monel gami dole ne a ware daga sauran karafa (kamar karfe) a lokacin da jirgin ruwa. Jaridar The New York Times ta buga a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1915. An ba da labarin wata kasida a cikin” game da hatsarin jirgin ruwa mai tsawon ƙafa 215: “Jirgin ruwa na farko da aka kera jirginsa gabaɗaya da Monel gami ya zama guntu a cikin makonni shida kawai kuma an yi shi. tilas a goge”. Godiya ga lalatawar sinadarai na lantarki, tsarin karfen keel ɗin jirgin ya yi sauri ya lalace kuma ya yi ƙasa sosai bayan da aka yi hulɗa da Monel gami, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga rushewar gindin jirgin. Dangane da binciken tsuntsayen teku, musamman zabar kayan da za a yi wa zoben tantance ƙafar tsuntsu, an yi amfani da zoben tantance ƙafar tsuntsun da aka yi da Monel alloy a cikin nau'ikan tsuntsayen teku, irin su albatross da ke zaune a cikin gurɓatacciyar muhallin ruwan teku.

Kayan Kiɗa
Ana amfani da alloy na Monel don yin wasu ingantattun kayan kida na bawul ko rotors, kamar ƙahonin ƙanana, manya da Faransanci. RotoSound yayi amfani da Monel alloy don yin kirtani na guitar lantarki a cikin 1962. Waɗannan igiyoyin masu fasaha da yawa suna amfani da su. A cikin 2017, kamfanin D'Addario string (kamfanin kirtani na D'Addario) ya fitar da wani saitin samfuran kirtani na violin, waɗanda kuma igiyoyi ne masu rauni tare da raunin Monel gami akan igiyoyin D da G.

 

Sauran Amfani
Alamun shaida da aka yi da Monel alloy (Tambayoyin kare ga sojojin Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu)

Kyakkyawan juriya na lalata ga nau'ikan acid da iskar oxygen ya sa Monel alloy ya zama abu mai inganci a cikin masana'antar sinadarai. Sauran yanayin amfani kamar:
1. Ƙaddamar da Uranium, yawancin bututun da ake amfani da su na uranium hexafluoride an yi su ne daga Monel alloy;
2. Daidaita bawul don matsa lamba mai ƙarfi da iskar gas mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (kamar HCl);
3. A farkon karni na ashirin, Monel gami da aka yadu amfani a cikin superheated tururi tsarin na tururi janareta sets;
4. Monel gami kuma ana amfani da su sau da yawa don yin sinks na kicin da firam ɗin kallo;
5. Gidan konewa da ake amfani da shi don yin bututun wutar lantarki;
6. Rayuwar zane na Agogon Dogon Yanzu shine shekaru 10,000. Dangane da cewa ba a amfani da karafa masu daraja, wasu sassa na agogo an yi su ne da kayan gami na Monel dangane da damuwa game da juriya na lalata.