Zafin Juriya Karfe Simintin gyare-gyare ta Hanyar Zuba Jari

Karfe mai jure zafi yana nufin karfe tare da juriya mai yawan zafin jiki da ƙarfin zafin jiki. High zafin jiki hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya ne mai muhimmanci yanayin don tabbatar da cewa workpiece aiki na dogon lokaci a high zafin jiki. A cikin yanayi mai oxidizing kamar iska mai zafin jiki, iskar oxygen yana amsa sinadarai tare da saman karfe don samar da nau'ikan yadudduka na baƙin ƙarfe oxide. Layin oxide yana da sako-sako, ya rasa ainihin halaye na karfe, kuma yana da sauƙin faɗuwa. Don inganta haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar yanayin zafi na ƙarfe, ana ƙara abubuwa masu haɗawa zuwa ƙarfe don canza tsarin oxide. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sune chromium, nickel, chromium, silicon, aluminum da sauransu. Babban yanayin juriya na iskar shaka na karfe yana da alaƙa kawai da abun da ke tattare da sinadaran.

Ƙarfin zafin jiki yana nufin ƙarfin ƙarfe don ɗaukar nauyin inji na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi. Akwai manyan tasirin ƙarfe guda biyu a ƙarƙashin nauyin injina a babban zafin jiki. Ɗaya yana laushi, wato, ƙarfin yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Na biyu shine creep, wato, a ƙarƙashin aikin damuwa na yau da kullum, yawan ƙwayar filastik a hankali yana ƙaruwa tare da lokaci. Nakasar filastik na karfe a babban zafin jiki yana haifar da zamewar intragranular da zamewar iyakar hatsi. Don haɓaka ƙarfin zafin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ana amfani da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Wato, ana ƙara abubuwa masu haɗawa zuwa ƙarfe don haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin atom da samar da tsari mai kyau. Ƙara chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, da dai sauransu, na iya ƙarfafa matrix na karfe, ƙara yawan zafin jiki na recrystallization, kuma zai iya samar da ƙarfafa lokaci carbides ko intermetallic mahadi, irin su Cr23C6, VC, TiC, da dai sauransu. Wadannan ƙarfafa matakai ne. barga a babban yanayin zafi, kada ku narke, kada ku tara don girma, kuma ku kula da taurinsu. Ana ƙara nickel musamman don samuAustenite. Abubuwan zarra a cikin austenite an tsara su da ƙarfi fiye da ferrite, ƙarfin haɗin kai tsakanin atom ɗin ya fi ƙarfi, kuma yaduwar zarra ya fi wahala. Sabili da haka, ƙarfin zafin jiki na austenite ya fi kyau. Ana iya ganin cewa ƙarfin zafi mai zafi na karfe mai tsayayyar zafi ba wai kawai yana da alaka da sinadarai ba, har ma yana da alaka da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

High-alloy zafi-resistantkarfe simintin gyaran kafaAna amfani da ko'ina a lokatai inda zafin aiki ya wuce 650 ℃. Simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe mai jure zafi yana nufin ƙarfe waɗanda ke aiki a yanayin zafi. Haɓaka simintin ƙarfe mai jure zafi yana da alaƙa da ci gaban fasaha na sassa daban-daban na masana'antu kamar tashoshin wutar lantarki, tukunyar jirgi, injin turbin gas, injin konewa na ciki, da injunan iska. Sakamakon yanayi daban-daban da damuwa da injina da na'urori daban-daban ke amfani da su, da kuma mahalli daban-daban, nau'ikan karfen da ake amfani da su ma sun bambanta.

Matsayin simintin ƙarfe mai jure zafi a ƙasashe daban-daban
1) Matsayin Sinanci
GB/T 8492-2002 "Sharuɗɗan fasaha don simintin ƙarfe mai jure zafi" yana ƙayyadaddun maki da kaddarorin injin zafin ɗaki na nau'ikan simintin gyare-gyaren zafi daban-daban.
2) Matsayin Turai
TS EN 10295-2002 Matsayin simintin ƙarfe na zafi mai jure zafi sun haɗa da bakin karfe na austenitic zafi mai jure zafi, bakin karfe mai jure zafi da austenitic-ferritic duplex mai jurewa bakin karfe, gami da gami da tushen nickel da gami da tushen cobalt.
3) Matsayin Amurka
Abubuwan sinadaran da aka ƙayyade a cikin ANSI/ASTM 297-2008 "General Industrial Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel Heat-resistant Karfe Castings" shine tushen yarda, kuma gwajin aikin injiniya ana yin shi ne kawai lokacin da mai siye ya buƙace shi a lokacin oda. Sauran ma'auni na Amurka da suka haɗa da simintin ƙarfe mai jure zafi sun haɗa da ASTM A447/A447M-2003 da ASTM A560/560M-2005.
4) Matsayin Jamusanci
A cikin DIN 17465 "Sharuɗɗan Fasaha don Simintin Tsare-tsare na Karfe", abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai, kaddarorin injina a cikin zafin jiki, da kaddarorin injunan zafin jiki na nau'ikan nau'ikan simintin simintin ƙarfe daban-daban an ƙayyade daban.
5) Jafananci Standard
Makin da ke cikin JISG5122-2003 "Simintin gyare-gyaren Karfe mai zafi" sun kasance daidai da American Standard ASTM.
6) Matsayin Rasha
Akwai makin simintin karfe 19 masu jure zafi da aka kayyade a cikin GOST 977-1988, gami da matsakaici-chromium da manyan karafa masu jure zafi.

Tasirin abun da ke tattare da sinadaran akan rayuwar sabis na karfe mai jure zafi
Akwai nau'ikan sinadarai iri-iri waɗanda zasu iya shafar rayuwar sabis na ƙarfe mai jure zafi. Wadannan tasirin suna bayyana a cikin haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na tsarin, hana oxidation, kafawa da daidaitawa austenite, da hana lalata. Misali, abubuwan da ba kasafai ba, wadanda sune abubuwan ganowa a cikin karfe mai jure zafi, na iya inganta juriya na iskar shaka na karfe da kuma canza thermoplasticity. Abubuwan asali na ƙarfe mai jure zafi da gami gabaɗaya suna zaɓar ƙarfe da gami tare da madaidaicin wurin narkewa, babban ƙarfin kunnawa kai ko ƙarancin kuzari. Daban-daban nau'ikan ƙarfe masu tsayayya da zafi da ƙarancin zafin jiki suna da babban buƙatu akan tsarin narkewa, saboda kasancewar haɗaɗɗun ko wasu lahani na ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe zai rage ƙimar ƙarfin juriya na kayan.

Tasirin fasaha na ci gaba kamar maganin maganin maganin zafi akan rayuwar sabis na karfe mai jure zafi
Don kayan ƙarfe, yin amfani da matakai daban-daban na maganin zafi zai shafi tsarin da girman hatsi, ta haka ne canza yanayin wahalar kunnawar thermal. A cikin nazarin gazawar simintin gyare-gyare, akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da gazawar, galibi gajiyawar zafi yana haifar da ƙaddamarwa da haɓakawa. Hakazalika, akwai jerin abubuwan da suka shafi farawa da yaduwa na fasa. Daga cikin su, abun ciki na sulfur yana da matukar mahimmanci saboda tsagewar galibi suna tasowa tare da sulfides. Abubuwan da ke cikin sulfur suna shafar ingancin albarkatun ƙasa da narkewar su. Don simintin gyare-gyaren da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin kariya na hydrogen, idan hydrogen sulfide yana ƙunshe a cikin hydrogen, za a yi sulfurized simintin. Na biyu, isasshiyar maganin maganin zai shafi ƙarfi da taurin simintin.