304 Bakin Karfe

304 bakin karfe daraja ne na bakin karfe da aka samar bisa ga ma'aunin ASTM na Amurka. Daga cikin dukkan kayan bakin karfe, bakin karfe 304 shine kusan mafi girman daraja. Yawan bakin karfe 304 shine 7.93 g/cm³. Sunan sana'a na bakin karfe 304 kuma ana kiransa 18/8 bakin karfe, saboda yana dauke da fiye da 18% chromium da fiye da 8% nickel. 304 bakin karfe ne resistant zuwa high zafin jiki (har zuwa 800 ℃), kuma yana da halaye na mai kyau aiki yi da kuma high taurin. Ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu, masana'antar kayan ado da kayan abinci da masana'antar likitanci. A cikin ma'aunin ASTM A351, CF8 yayi daidai da 304 bakin karfe.

 

Sunan Sinanci	304不锈钢/06Cr19Ni10 (GB/T 3280-2015)	Babban Abubuwan Alloy	Ni, Mo
Sunan Turanci	AISI 304 Bakin Karfe, AISI 304 SS	Ayyukan Magnetic	Raunanniyar maganadisu, bayan aikin sanyi kamar mikewa ko tambari, maganadisu zai yi ƙarfi (ana iya jan hankali ta hanyar maganadisu)
Wasu Sunayen	SUS 304 SS (JIS G4303) ko 18-8 SS	Halaye	Juriya na lalata (ba gaba ɗaya ba tare da lalatawa ba), juriya mai zafi, mai kyau tauri
Tsarin Metallographic	Austenite

 

Ya kamata a lura cewa abinci-sa 304 bakin karfe yana da tsananin abun ciki Manuniya fiye da talakawa 304 bakin karfe. Misali: ma'anar kasa da kasa na bakin karfe 304 shine m 18% -20% na chromium da 8% -10% na nickel, amma abinci-sa 304 bakin karfe shine 18% na chromium da 8% na nickel, wanda aka yarda suna canzawa a cikin takamaiman kewayon, da iyakance abun ciki na nau'ikan ƙarfe masu nauyi daban-daban. A takaice dai, bakin karfe 304 ba dole ba ne matakin abinci 304 bakin karfe

Hanyoyin lakabi na gama gari a kasuwa sun haɗa da 06Cr19Ni10 da SUS 304, wanda 06Cr19Ni10 gabaɗaya yana nufin samar da daidaitattun ƙasa (GB/T 3280-2015), AISI 304 gabaɗaya yana nufin samar da daidaitattun ASTM, kuma SUS 304 yana nufin daidaitaccen samarwa na Japan.

304 shine babban maƙasudin bakin karfe wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai don yin kayan aiki da sassan da ke buƙatar haɓakar haɓakar kaddarorin (lalata juriya da tsari). Domin kiyaye juriya na lalacewa na asali, dole ne ya ƙunshi fiye da 18% chromium da fiye da 8% nickel.

Cibiyar Iron da Karfe ta Amurka tana amfani da lambobi uku don zayyana ma'auni daban-daban na bakin karfe. cikin:
1. Austenitic bakin karfe an sanya su ta lambobi a cikin jerin 200 da 300. Misali, wasu daga cikin bakin karfe na austenitic na yau da kullun ana tsara su ta 201, 304, 316 da 310.
2. Ferritic da martensitic bakin karfe suna wakilta ta jerin lambobi 400.
3. Ferritic bakin karfe yana wakilta ta 430 da 446. Martensitic bakin karfe suna wakiltar 410, 420 da 440C. ,
4. Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) bakin karfe, hazo hardening bakin karfe, da manyan gami da kasa da 50% baƙin ƙarfe yawanci sanya ta mallaka ko alamar kasuwanci sunayen.

Don 304 bakin karfe, nau'in Ni a cikin abun da ke ciki yana da mahimmanci, wanda kai tsaye ke ƙayyade juriya na 304 bakin karfe da ƙimarsa. Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a cikin 304 sune Ni da Cr, amma ba su iyakance ga waɗannan abubuwa biyu ba. An ƙayyade takamaiman buƙatun ta ma'aunin samfur. Hukuncin gama gari a cikin masana'antar shine muddin abun ciki na Ni ya fi 8% kuma abun cikin Cr ya fi 18%, ana iya ɗaukarsa azaman 304 bakin karfe. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masana'antar ke kiran irin wannan nau'in bakin karfe 18/8 bakin karfe. A gaskiya ma, ƙa'idodin samfurin da suka dace suna da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi don 304, kuma waɗannan ka'idodin samfurin suna da wasu bambance-bambance don nau'i daban-daban na bakin karfe. A ƙasa akwai wasu ƙa'idodin samfur na gama gari da gwaje-gwaje. Don ƙayyade ko abu shine bakin karfe 304, dole ne ya cika buƙatun kowane kashi a cikin daidaitaccen samfur. Muddin mutum bai cika buƙatun ba, ba za a iya kiransa 304 bakin karfe ba.

 

Abubuwan Abubuwan Kemikal na 304 Bakin Karfe A cewar ASTM A276
304 SS	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni
%	≤0.08	≤2.00	≤0.045	≤0.030	≤1.00	18.0-20.0	8.0-11.0
Abubuwan Kemikal na 304 Bakin Karfe A cewar ASTM A240
304 SS	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni
%	≤0.07	≤2.00	≤0.045	≤0.030	≤0.75	17.5-19.5	8.0-10.5
Abubuwan Sinadarai na 304 Bakin Karfe A cewar JIS G4303
SUS 304 SS	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni
%	≤0.08	≤2.00	≤0.045	≤0.030	≤1.00	18.0-20.0	8.0-10.5

 

Aikace-aikace na 304 Bakin Karfe

304 bakin karfe shine mafi yawan amfani da bakin karfe na chromium-nickel. A matsayin karfe da aka yi amfani da shi sosai, yana da juriya mai kyau na lalata, juriya na zafi, ƙananan zafin jiki da kaddarorin inji; Kyakkyawan aiki mai zafi kamar tambari da lankwasawa, babu maganin zafi mai tauri sabon abu (amfani da zafin jiki -196 ℃～800 ℃). Juriya na lalata a cikin yanayi, idan yanayin masana'antu ne ko yanki mai gurbataccen yanayi, yana buƙatar tsaftace shi cikin lokaci don guje wa lalata. Ya dace da sarrafa abinci, ajiya da sufuri. Yana da kyau processability da weldability. Masu musayar zafi na faranti, bellows, kayayyakin gida (Class 1 da 2 tableware, kabad, bututun cikin gida, na'urar dumama ruwa, tukunyar jirgi, bathtubs), sassa na mota (shafafin iska, mufflers, samfuran gyare-gyare), na'urorin likitanci, kayan gini, sunadarai, masana'antar abinci , noma, sassan jirgin ruwa, da dai sauransu. Bakin karfe 304 wanda abun ciki yana da iko sosai kuma ana iya kiransa matakin abinci 304 bakin karfe.

Yawancin buƙatun amfani shine kiyaye ainihin bayyanar ginin na dogon lokaci. Lokacin ƙayyade nau'in nau'in bakin karfe don zaɓar, manyan abubuwan da za a yi la'akari su ne ka'idodin ado da ake buƙata, lalata yanayin gida, da tsarin tsaftacewa da za a yi amfani da su. Koyaya, wasu aikace-aikacen suna ƙara neman daidaitaccen tsari kawai ko rashin cika ruwa. Misali, rufin rufi da bangon gefe na gine-ginen masana'antu. A cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, farashin gini na mai shi na iya zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da kayan ado, kuma saman ba shi da tsabta sosai. 304 bakin karfe yana aiki da kyau a cikin busassun mahalli na cikin gida. Koyaya, don kiyaye bayyanarsa a waje a cikin karkara da birane, ana buƙatar tsaftacewa akai-akai. A cikin gurbataccen masana'antu da yankunan bakin teku, saman na iya zama datti sosai har ma da tsatsa.

Koyaya, don kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin yanayin waje, bakin karfe mai ɗauke da nickel ana buƙatar. Saboda haka, 304 bakin karfe ana amfani dashi sosai a bangon labule, bangon gefe, rufin rufi da sauran dalilai na gini, amma a cikin yanayin masana'antu ko yanayin ruwa mai lalacewa, an fi son bakin karfe 316. Ƙofofin zamiya na bakin ƙarfe, mutane sun fahimci fa'idodin amfani da bakin karfe a aikace-aikacen tsarin. 304 da 316 bakin karfe an haɗa su cikin jagororin ƙira da yawa. Saboda "duplex" bakin karfe 2205 ya haɗu da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata yanayi tare da babban ƙarfi da ƙarfin roba, wannan ƙarfe kuma yana cikin jagororin Turai. Siffofin Samfurin Bakin ƙarfe a haƙiƙa ana kera shi cikin cikakken kewayon daidaitattun sifofi da girma na ƙarfe, kuma ana samun siffofi na musamman da yawa. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su ana yin su ne daga takarda da tsiri, amma kuma ana samar da kayayyaki na musamman daga matsakaici da faranti masu nauyi, alal misali, wajen samar da karfen tsari mai zafi da fitar da karfe. Har ila yau, akwai zagaye, oval, square, rectangular da hexagonal welded ko sumul bututu da sauran nau'ikan, gami da bayanan martaba, sanduna, wayoyi da simintin gyare-gyare.

 

Abubuwan Jiki na Bakin Karfe 304		Kayayyakin Injini na Bakin Karfe 304
Yawan yawa (20 ℃, g/cm³)	7.93	Tensile Strentgh σb (MPa)	≥515-1035
Zazzabi Mai narkewa (℃)	1398-1454	Ƙarfin Haɓakawa σ0.2 (MPa)	≥205
Ƙarfin Ƙarfi na Musamman (0 ~ 100 ℃, KJ·k-1K-1)	0.5	Tsawaita δ5 (%)	≥40
Thermal Conductivity (W·m-1·K-1)	(100 ℃) 16.3, (500 ℃) 21.5	adadin raguwa a yanki ψ (%)	40-60
Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Layi (10-6·K-1)	(0-100 ℃) 17.2, (0-500 ℃) 18.4	Tauri	≤201HBW;≤92HRB;≤210HV
Resistivity (20 ℃, 10-6Ω·m2/m)	0.73
Dogon Elastic Modulus (20℃, KN/mm2)	193

 

Dalilan tsatsa na bakin karfe 304

Abun tsatsa na kayan bakin karfe 304 na iya samun dalilai masu zuwa:

1. Chloride
Chloride ions suna da yawa, kamar gishiri / gumi / ruwan teku / iska / ƙasa da sauransu. A gaban ions chloride, bakin karfe yana lalata da sauri, har ma fiye da ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon. Sabili da haka, akwai buƙatu don yanayin amfani da bakin karfe, kuma yana buƙatar goge akai-akai don cire ƙura da kiyaye shi da tsabta da bushewa. Akwai misali a Amurka: kamfani yana amfani da kwandon itacen oak don riƙe maganin da ke ɗauke da ions chloride. An yi amfani da kwandon kusan shekaru dari. An shirya maye gurbinsa a cikin 1990s. Saboda kayan itacen oak bai isa na zamani ba, an yi amfani da kwandon bakin karfe na tsawon kwanaki 16 bayan maye gurbin. Leak saboda lalata.

2. Maganin Magani
Ba a narkar da abubuwan haɗin gwal a cikin matrix, yana haifar da ƙananan abun ciki a cikin tsarin matrix da ƙarancin lalata.

3. Lalacewar intergranular
Wannan kayan titanium- da niobium maras amfani yana da saurin lalata intergranular. Bugu da ƙari na titanium da niobium, tare da maganin ƙarfafawa, na iya rage lalata intergranular. Ƙarfe mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya tsayayya da lalata a cikin iska ko a cikin sinadarai masu lalata. Bakin karfe yana da kyakkyawan farfajiya da kuma juriya mai kyau na lalata. Ba ya buƙatar shan magani na ƙasa kamar platin launi, amma a maimakon haka yana aiwatar da abubuwan da suka dace na bakin karfe. Ana amfani da shi a yawancin nau'in karfe, wanda aka fi sani da bakin karfe. A wakilin yi shi ne babban gami karfe kamar 13 chrome karfe da 18-8 chrome nickel karfe. A mahangar karfen kafa, domin bakin karfe yana dauke da chromium, an samar da fim din chromium mai sirara sosai a saman, wanda ke kebe iskar oxygen daga karfen kuma yana taka rawa wajen juriya na lalata. Domin kiyaye juriyar lalata bakin karfe, dole ne karfe ya ƙunshi fiye da 12% chromium. Don lokutan da ake buƙatar walda. Ƙananan abun ciki na carbon yana rage girman hazo a cikin yankin da zafi ya shafa kusa da walda, wanda zai iya haifar da lalata tsaka-tsakin (weld yashwa) na bakin karfe a wasu wurare.