Simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe mai jure zafi sassa ne da aka jefa daga ƙarfe mai jure zafi azaman albarkatun ƙasa. A ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi, ƙarfe tare da juriya na iskar shaka, isasshen ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da juriya mai kyau ana kiran ƙarfe mai jure zafi. Karfe mai jure zafi zai iya kasu kashi biyu: karfe mai juriya da iskar shaka da karfe mai karfin zafi gwargwadon kaddarorinsa. Anti-oxidation karfe kuma ana kiranta da ƙarfe mara fata. Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin yana nufin ƙarfe wanda ke da kyakkyawan juriya na iskar shaka a yanayin zafi da zafi mai zafi. Dangane da nau'in sinadari iri ɗaya, yanayin simintin simintin gyare-gyare yana da ƙarfin zafi fiye da yanayin birgima. ɓangarorin ƙarfe masu jure zafi da aka jefa sun mamaye kaso mai yawa a fagen ƙarfe mai jure zafi.
Wasu ƙananan ƙarfe masu jure zafi suna da wahalar sarrafawa da lalacewa. Samar da simintin gyare-gyare ba wai kawai mafi tsada-tasiri fiye da samfuran birgima ba, har ma da simintin gyare-gyare yana da ƙarfin juriya. Don haka, karfen simintin gyare-gyaren zafi yana mamaye kaso mai yawa na karfe mai jure zafi. Baya ga simintin yashi, ana iya amfani da madaidaicin dabarun simintin simintin don samun samfura masu santsi da madaidaicin girma. Ana amfani da simintin centrifugal sau da yawa don bututun tanderun zafin jiki mai zafi don fashewar ammonia da ethylene roba.
Dangane da tsarin metallographic a cikin al'ada, simintin simintin gyare-gyaren zafi yana iya kasu kashi hudu: karfe mai jure zafi na pearlite, karfe mai jure zafi na martensitic, karfe mai jure zafi, da karfe mai jure zafi austenitic.
1. Karfe mai jure zafi na Pearlitic
Abubuwan da ake haɗawa da karfen simintin gyare-gyaren lu'u-lu'u sun fi chromium da molybdenum, kuma adadin gabaɗaya baya wuce 5%. Baya ga pearlite da ferrite, tsarinsa kuma yana da bainite. Wannan irin karfe yana da kyau high-zazzabi ƙarfi da kuma aiwatar yi a 500-600 ℃. Suna yadu amfani da su yi zafi-resistant sassa kasa 600 ℃, kamar tukunyar jirgi karfe bututu, tururi impellers, rotors, fasteners, high-matsi tasoshin, bututun, da dai sauransu Hankula maki ne: 16Mo, 15CrMo, 12Cr1MoV, 12Cr2MoWVTiB, 110Cr2MoWVTiB. , 25Cr2Mo1V, 20Cr3MoWV, da dai sauransu.
Maganin zafi na simintin ƙarfe mai jure zafi na pearlite galibi ana daidaita shi ne ko kuma an kashe shi kuma yana da zafi don samun ingantaccen tsari, ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya da ƙarfin da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma.
2. Karfe mai jure zafi na Martensitic
Abubuwan da ke cikin chromium na simintin simintin gyare-gyaren martensitic shine gabaɗaya 7-13%. Yana da mafi girma high-zazzabi ƙarfi, hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya da ruwa tururi lalata juriya a kasa 650 ℃, amma ta weldability ne matalauta. 1Cr13, 2Cr13 dauke da game da 12% chromium, da karfe maki ci gaba a kan wannan tushe kamar 1Cr11MoV, 1Cr12WMoV, 2Cr12WMoNbVB da sauran gami da yawanci amfani da tururi ruwan wukake, fayafai, shafts, fasteners, 44Cr Bugu da kari, 1Cr12WMoNbVB da sauran gami. da dai sauransu da aka yi amfani da su wajen kera bawul ɗin shaye-shaye don injunan konewa na ciki suma ƙarfe ne masu jure zafi na martensitic.
Tsarin jiyya na zafi na gama gari don simintin ƙarfe mai jure zafi yana daidaitawa + tempering.
3. Karfe mai jure zafi na Ferritic
Ferritic zafi-resistant simintin karfe simintin gyare-gyare ya ƙunshi ƙarin chromium, aluminum, silicon da sauran abubuwa, forming guda-lokaci ferrite tsarin, wanda yana da kyau hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya da high zafin jiki na iskar gas juriya, amma su high zafin jiki ƙarfi ne low, a dakin zafin jiki The brittleness. ne mafi girma da weldability ne matalauta. Irin su 1Cr13SiAl, 1Cr25Si2, da dai sauransu. Ferritic zafi-resistant simintin karfe ana amfani da gabaɗaya don yin sassan da ke ɗauke da ƙananan kaya kuma suna buƙatar juriya mai zafi mai zafi.
Maganin zafi na simintin ƙarfe mai jure zafi gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar annealing don kawar da damuwa, sa'an nan kuma saurin sanyaya (domin wucewa da sauri ta yankin gaggautsa na 400-500 ℃).
4. Austenitic Zafin Karfe Cast
Ƙarfe mai jure zafi na Austenitic yana ƙunshe da ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da austenite irin su nickel, manganese, nitrogen, da sauransu, a yanayin zafi sama da 600 ° C, yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin zafin jiki da kwanciyar hankali na tsari, da kyakkyawan aikin walda. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi azaman kayan ƙarfin zafi wanda ke aiki sama da 600 ° C. Yawan maki sune 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321), 1Cr23Ni13 (309), 0Cr25Ni20 (310S), 1Cr25Ni20Si2 (314), 2Cr20Mn9Ni2Si2N, 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo, da sauransu.
Austenitic anti-oxidation karfe za a iya bi da tare da babban zafin jiki bayani zafi magani don samun mai kyau sanyi nakasawa. Austenitic zafi-ƙarfi karfe da aka farko bi da tare da high-zazzabi bayani magani, sa'an nan kuma tsufa magani ne da za'ayi a 60-100 ℃ fiye da amfani zafin jiki don daidaita tsarin da hazo na biyu lokaci don ƙarfafa matrix.
Amfanin simintin gyaran ƙarfe mai jure zafi
Ana amfani da ƙarfe mai jure zafi don kera sassa da abubuwan da ke aiki da yanayin zafi a sassan masana'antu kamar tukunyar jirgi, injin tururi, injin wuta, tanderun masana'antu, da masana'antar jiragen sama da na petrochemical. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin zafi mai zafi da zafi mai zafi da iskar shaka da juriya na lalata, waɗannan sassa kuma suna buƙatar isassun ƙarfi, aiki mai kyau da weldability, da wani mataki na kwanciyar hankali na tsarin bisa ga amfani daban-daban.
Wasu Darajojin Ƙarfe Mai jure zafi da aikace-aikacen su | |
| Karfe daraja | Zazzabi mai aiki da aikace-aikace |
| 00Cr12 | Anti-oxidation zafin jiki 600 ~ 700 ℃, amfani da matsayin high zazzabi, high matsa lamba bawul jiki, kuka |
| 0Cr13 Al | Matsakaicin zazzabi kewayon 700 ~ 800 ℃, gas turbine compressor ruwa |
| 1Cr17 | Anti-oxidation a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 900 ℃, ana amfani dashi azaman sassa masu zafin jiki da kuma nozzles don tanderu. |
| 1Cr12 | Oxidation juriya da high high zafin jiki ƙarfi a cikin zafin jiki kewayon 600 ~ 700 ℃ da kuma amfani da high zafin jiki sassa na tururi ruwan wukake, nozzles, da tukunyar jirgi kuka bawuloli. |
| 1 Cr13 | A hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya zafin jiki ne 700 ~ 800 ℃, da kuma amfani da shi ne daidai da cewa na 1Cr12 karfe. |
| 0Cr18Ni9,1Cr18Ni9Ti | Anti-oxidation zafin jiki a kasa 870 ℃, za a iya amfani da matsayin tukunyar jirgi dumama surface bututu, dumama makera sassa, zafi Exchanger, muffle makera, Converter, bututun ƙarfe. |
| 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 0Cr18Ni11Nb | Yana da resistant zuwa high zafin jiki lalata da hadawan abu da iskar shaka a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na 400 ~ 900 ℃, kuma za a iya amfani da bututu kayan aiki wanda aiki zafin jiki ne a kasa 850 ℃. |
| 0Cr23Ni13 | Anti-oxidation zafin jiki har zuwa 980 ℃, amfani da burner wuta tube, turbi ruwa ruwa, dumama makera jiki, methane hira na'urar, high zafin jiki rabuwa na'urar. |
| 0Cr25Ni20 | Anti-oxidation zafin jiki har zuwa 1035 ℃, amfani da dumama tanderu sassa; gas watsa tsarin sassa tare da aiki zafin jiki a kasa 950 ℃ |
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 0Cr19Ni13Mo2 | The anti-hadawan abu da iskar shaka zafin jiki ba kasa da 870 ℃, da aiki zafin jiki ne 600 ~ 750 ℃, da zafi Exchanger shambura da tanderun kayan aiki ga sinadaran masana'antu da mai tacewa. |
| 0Cr17Ni7Al | Abubuwan da ke ɗaukar nauyin zafin jiki mai girma tare da zafin aiki a ƙasa da 550 ℃ |
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-10-2021