A cikin ginin karfe, mabuɗin don tabbatar daingancin simintin gyaran kafaya ta'allaka ne da haɓaka ingantaccen wayar da kan duk ma'aikata a cikin masana'antar, ƙarfafa ingantaccen kulawa da gudanarwa akan duk tsarin samarwa na simintin gyare-gyare, daidaita tsarin samarwa, tsara samarwa da wayewa, da ɗaukar fasahar samarwa da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi gwargwadon yiwuwa, sanye take da isasshe. ingantattun hanyoyin dubawa don ingancin tsari da ingancin simintin gyaran kafa.
Gwajin aikin injiniya na al'ada Ana yin gwajin aikin injina na al'ada a zazzabi na ɗaki. Abubuwan gwaji yawanci sun haɗa da ƙarfin juzu'i, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, haɓakawa bayan karaya, raguwar yanki, karkatarwa, ɗaukar tasiri (ko taurin tasiri) da taurin. Ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, haɓakawa bayan karyewa, da raguwar yanki ana auna su akan na'urar gwaji mai ƙarfi; Ana auna tasirin tasirin tasiri ko tasirin tasiri akan injin gwajin tasiri; Ana auna juzu'i da ƙarfin lanƙwasawa ta hanyoyin gwaji masu jujjuyawa; Ana auna taurin ta wurin gwajin taurin.
1. Ƙarfin Ƙarfi
Ana sarrafa samfuran simintin ƙarfe na simintin simintin simintin simintin simintin gwajin simintin simintin guda ɗaya ko kuma sandunan gwajin simintin haɗe. Matsakaicin mashin gwajin simintin simintin guda ɗaya shine 30 mm, kuma ana zuba shi a cikin tsari ɗaya da simintin simintin a tsaye busasshen yashi. Diamita na sashin layi daya shine 20 mm ± 0.5 mm. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lanƙwasawa da jujjuyawar azaman yanayin karɓar kayan aikin injiniya na simintin gyare-gyare, ana iya yin gwajin lanƙwasawa, kuma samfurin lanƙwasawa kai tsaye yana ɗaukar mashin gwajin da aka sifa tare da diamita na 30 mm ± 1mm. Siffar, girman da ingancin saman samfuran gwajin tensile, lankwasawa samfuran gwaji da sandunan gwajin da aka jefa, gwajin tensile da hanyoyin gwaji, buƙatun fasaha don injin gwaji, da ƙididdigewa da sarrafa sakamakon ma'auni duk za su bi ka'idodin masana'antu. .
Hanyoyin gwajin juzu'i na sauran simintin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare da gami (ciki har da ma'aunin ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga, hanyoyin matsi, ƙimar gwaji, hanyoyin auna aiki, da sakamakon gwajin zagaye da sarrafawa, da dai sauransu), da nau'ikan da sassan giciye na samfuran tensile da siffa. , tsayi, girman, da ingancin ƙasa ya kamata su cika bukatun CBT228-200 "Mitrace" na gwaji na gwaji na zamani a ɗakin zafin jiki ". Ba a ƙyale samfurin ya sami lalacewa na inji, fasa, manyan alamomin wuƙa masu jujjuyawa, nakasu na zahiri da sauran lahani na bayyane. Ya kamata a cire yashi mai danko, fins, burrs da sauran lahani na jiki da adhesions a saman samfurin. Za'a iya yanke samfuran ɗamara daga tubalan gwajin simintin simintin gyare-gyare, toshe gwajin simintin ɗamara ko jikin simintin. Nau'in, siffa da girman tubalan gwajin simintin simintin gyare-gyare guda ɗaya da haɗe-haɗe da toshe gwajin simintin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare, yanke matsayi da shugabanci na samfurin tensile, hanyar haɗi da wurin haɗi na toshe gwajin simintin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma jikin simintin, za a zaɓi ko yarda da shi ta hanyar mai siyarwa. da mai siye bisa ga daidaitattun simintin simintin . Lokacin da simintin yana buƙatar maganin zafi, toshe gwajin simintin ya kamata a kula da zafi a cikin tanderu iri ɗaya kamar yadda ake yin simintin, kuma a yanke shingen gwajin da aka makala bayan maganin zafi. Samfurori masu tauri na gaggautsa da abubuwa masu wuya kamar farin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe na iya zama samfuran simintin siminti da aka jefar, ko kuma na'urorin ɗamara waɗanda aka goge kuma aka sarrafa su ta hanyar injina da zafi da aka bi da su a cikin tanderu ɗaya da simintin. Siffar samfurin, girman, buƙatun fasaha da ƙayyadaddun maganin zafi ya kamata a yi shawarwari da bangarorin biyu.
2. Ƙarfin Tasiri
Ana amfani da gwajin tasiri don ƙayyade tasirin tasirin tasirin tasiri lokacin da samfurin tasiri ya karye a ƙarƙashin nauyin tasiri na biyu. Ya kamata injin gwajin tasiri ya cika buƙatun GB/T 3808-2002 "Binciken Injinan Gwajin Tasirin Tasirin Pendulum" kuma ya kamata a tabbatar da shi lokaci-lokaci ta sashen awo na ƙasa. Ana rarraba samfuran tasiri zuwa samfuran tasirin tasirin V-notch, samfuran tasirin U-notch da samfuran tasiri marasa daraja. Iron simintin gyare-gyaren launin toka yana ɗaukar samfuran tasirin silinda maras kyau, waɗanda aka kera su daga sandunan gwajin da aka jefar da diamita na mm 30. Ma'auni na ƙididdiga shine 420 mm × 120 mm. Hanyar simintin simintin ƙwanƙwasa mara amfani, buƙatun fasaha na samfurin tasirin tasiri, ma'aunin fasaha na injin gwajin tasiri, yanayin gwajin da hanyoyin yakamata su dace da bukatun GB 6296-1986 "Hanyar Gwajin Tasirin Grey Cast Iron". Tasirin samfurori na gagajewa da kayan aiki masu wuya kamar farin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe na iya zama wanda ba a iya gani kamar yadda aka jefar da simintin, ko samfuran da ba a taɓa gani ba waɗanda aka goge da sarrafa su ta hanyar injina da zafi da aka bi da su a cikin tanderu ɗaya tare da simintin. Siffar, girman da buƙatun fasaha na samfurin an ƙaddara ta hanyar samarwa da buƙata. Sauran simintin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare da gawa sune nau'ikan tasirin tasirin U-dimbin yawa (yawanci ana amfani da su don simintin ƙarfe da gami tare da ƙima mai girma) ko samfurin tasiri mai siffar V azaman samfurin yajin aiki.
Za a iya ɗaukar samfuran tasiri masu siffa U- ko V daga tubalan gwajin simintin simintin gyare-gyare (sanduna), tubalan gwajin simintin (sanduna) ko jikkunan simintin. Wurin yin samfuri da alkibla, nau'i, siffa, girman da hanyar simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare guda ɗaya na toshe gwajin simintin gyare-gyare (sanda) da kuma maƙalar gwajin toshe (sanda), da hanyar haɗin kai da wurin haɗin haɗin da aka makala toshe gwajin simintin (sanda) da simintin. jiki zai dogara ne akan abubuwan samarwa da buƙatu An zaɓi ko an yarda da ƙa'idodin simintin simintin. Don yin simintin gyare-gyaren da ke buƙatar maganin zafi, za a yanke shingen gwajin da aka makala bayan maganin zafi, kuma toshe gwajin simintin (masha) za a yi zafi a cikin tanderu iri ɗaya da simintin. Matsakaicin girman girman nau'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan V-dimbin nau'ikan daraja da nau'in U-dimbin yawa shine 10mm × 10mm × 50mm, kuma zurfin ƙima mai ƙima: zurfin daraja mai siffar V shine 2mm; Zurfin daraja U-dimbin yawa shine 2mm da 5mm. Hakuri mai girma, rashin ƙarfi da sauran yanayin fasaha na samfuran gwajin tasirin tasiri, yanayi, hanyoyi da kuma kula da sakamakon gwajin tasirin tasirin zai bi GB/T 229-2007 "Tsarin Gwajin Tasirin Tasirin Charpy Pendulum don Kayan ƙarfe" Ayyukan samfuran tasirin da aka yanke daga shingen gwajin simintin simintin gyare-gyare guda ɗaya (sanda) da kuma toshe gwajin simintin (sanda) yakamata ya dace da buƙatun daidaitattun simintin gyare-gyare ko kwangilar oda. Abubuwan buƙatun aikin tasiri na samfurin jiki za a yi shawarwari ta mai siyarwa da mai siye bisa ga daidaitattun simintin simintin.
3. Tauri
Akwai hanyoyin gama gari guda biyu don tantance taurin simintin gyare-gyare: Hanyar taurin Brinell da Hanyar taurin Rockwell. Yawancin simintin gyare-gyare masu wuya da gaggautsa ana auna su ta hanyar hanyar Rockwell hardness, kuma sauran simintin gyare-gyare galibi ana auna ta hanyar Brinell hardness. Don simintin simintin gyare-gyare tare da tsari iri ɗaya na ƙarfe kamar simintin ƙarfe, akwai ƙayyadaddun alaƙar juzu'i tsakanin taurin Rockwell, taurin Brinell da ƙarfin ɗaure. Koma zuwa GB/T112-199 "Taurin Karfe na Ƙarfe da Ƙarfin Juya Ƙarfi" da GB / T 3771-1983 "Taurin gami da ƙarfin juzu'i".
Hanyar taurin Brinell tana amfani da ƙwallon siminti na siminti tare da takamaiman diamita don danna shi cikin saman samfurin tare da ƙarfin gwajin daidai. Bayan ƙayyadadden lokacin riƙewa, cire ƙarfin gwajin, auna diamita na ciki a saman samfurin, kuma raba ƙarfin gwajin ta ƙarfin gwajin. Ƙididdigar da aka samo daga filin sararin samaniya na indentation yana wakiltar ƙimar Brinell taurin, kuma alamar ita ce HBW, wanda ya dace da kayan aiki tare da ƙimar Brinell ta kasa da ko daidai da 650. Kayan aiki, samfurori, hanyoyin gwaji da sakamakon gwaji Na Brinell hardness gwajin zai bi GB/T 231.1-2002 "Metal Brinell Hardness Sashe na I: "Test Hanyar" The Brinell Za'a iya yin gwajin taurin kai akan samfuran tiptiles, kayan aiki ko kuma kayan sasantawa ya kamata ya cika buƙatun na waje. Mai siyarwa da mai siye za su yi shawarwari ta Hanyar Rockwell taurin shine don danna mazugi na lu'u-lu'u ko ƙwallon ƙarfe a cikin saman samfurin ƙarƙashin aikin. nauyin farko da nauyin duka (daidai da nauyin farko da babban kaya), sannan cire babban nauyin, kuma auna a farkon nauyin. Zurfin shigar da ke ƙarƙashin kaya yana ƙara ƙimar e, kuma ana amfani da ƙimar e don ƙididdige taurin Rockwell.
Taurin Rockwell ya bambanta bisa ma'aunin da aka yi amfani da shi. Mafi yawan ma'auni da ake amfani da su sune HRA, HRB da HRC. HRB tana ɗaukar inden ɗin ƙwallon ƙarfe tare da ƙimar taurin = 130-c; HRA da HRC suna ɗaukar mazugi na lu'u-lu'u tare da ƙimar taurin = 100-e. Babban nauyin HRA shine 490.3N, kuma ma'auni shine 60 ~ 85HRA; Babban nauyin HRC shine 1373N, kuma ma'auni shine 20 ~ 67HRC. Kayan aiki, samfurori, yanayin gwaji da hanyoyin gwaji da aka yi amfani da su a gwajin taurin Rockwell, da kuma kula da sakamakon gwajin za su bi GB/T 230.1-2004 "Metal Rockwell Hardness Part 1: Hanyar Gwaji (A, B, C). , D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T Scale). Zaɓin samfurin, wurin gwajin da buƙatun fasaha don farfajiyar gwajin gwajin taurin Rockwell daidai yake da na gwajin taurin Brinell.
Baya ga taurin Brinell da taurin Rockwell, taurin ƙarfe kuma ana iya wakilta ta taurin Shore (HS) da taurin Vickers (HV). Auna taurin Tekun na karafa yakamata ya dace da bukatun GB/T 4341-2001 "Tsarin Gwajin Taurin Karfe". Ƙaddamar da taurin Vickers na ƙarfe ya kamata ya dace da bukatun GB/T 4340.1-1999 "Gwajin taurin Karfe na Karfe 1: Hanyar Gwaji". Yakamata a tantance nau'ikan gwajin taurin iri daban-daban daga sashen nazarin awo na ƙasa daidai da ƙa'idodin da suka dace.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-05-2021